(i I WYNNE : TRANS-INDUS SALT REGION, KOHAT DISTRICT. 



large exposure is most likely to belong ; beyond this sub-divisions could 

 only be indicated by arbitrary lines, drawn from palseontological distinc- 

 tions which have not yet been ascertained sufficiently to be applied to 

 this district. 



Thickness. — The thickness of the whole series must be very large, 

 but owing to its disturbed, folded, and, in places, dislocated state, can 

 only be roughly estimated at 5,500 to 8,000 feet for the part visible, the 

 uppermost beds having been denuded away. 



Fossils. — Fossils, though not unknown, cannot be said to abound in 

 this tertiary sandstone series; plant remains and obscure fucoid-like 

 markings are common in the purple and gray lower rocks in which 

 an exogenous (?) fossil tree as much as 60 feet in length has been found 

 among the lowest 'Murree* beds. Higher up vegetable impressions, 

 often carbonised, also occur, and fossil timber * is likewise to be seen in 

 the middle softer sandstones, but the chief fossils of the whole series are 

 bones. Remains of large crocodile jaws, polished, striated, pointed, 

 teeth, ribs and ohher large bones, tortoise plates, &c, are to be met with, 

 but broken, scattered, and difficult to extract from the sandstones resting 

 almost directly upon, the nummulitic limestone. Associated with these, 

 a thin layer of the shells of a large, strongly marked six-ribbed bivalve, 

 ill-preserved in carbonate of lime, was found at a few places close 

 to the above-mentioned limestone. Shells in any part of the series 



* From rough examination in the field, it is not easy even to say whether the fossil 

 timber of the tertiary sandstone series is really exogenous or endogenous. This is not for 

 want of specimens, but while these frequently present gnarled and knotted fragments, some- 

 times with appearances of branches having issued from within, the grain is generally 

 straight, like bundles of parallel fibres, and as the cross section exhibits no structure, rings 

 of growth or medullary rays are unseen. Some fragments of palni-like wood have been 

 found, so that probably this timber may be of both kinds. No leaves, nor anything except 

 thick fragments up to the diameter of considerable trunks, have been met with. 



Specimens of these have been forwarded to Calcutta, but arc as yet unexamined. The 

 Salt Range specimens and those found here are identical. 



( 168 ) 



