HILLY RANGES AND THEIR NEIGHBOURHOOD FROM BAHADUR KHEL, &C. 159 



than the average angle, it would give a thickness of 700 feet for the 

 deposit. 



In the gypsum series the gray clays again appear in the same place 



as at Banadur Khel, but the overlying gypsum 

 Gray clays. 



itself seems unusually thin. 



The red clay zone, on the other hand, is very thick. Narrow veins 



of gypsum traverse the clay, and some of the joint 

 Ked zone. 



surfaces have a dark shining filmy coating as 



though of iron or manganese. There are some greenish bands in it to- 

 wards the base, and its stratification is shown by slight differences of co- 

 lour or texture. The sandstone bands near the top are also again present. 

 This clay is, as usual, closely united with the pale purple or violet band at 

 top, which appears to form the base of the nummulitic zone almost as 

 much as the uppermost member of this. 



The dark gray clay or shale succeeding the first few beds of the 



limestone has a general blackish look, its position 

 Nummulitic group. 



reminding one of the nummulitic alum shales of 



Chichali pass to the south, or the dark, pyritous and coaly layers in the 

 Bukkh ravine (near Namal) in the western Salt range. The alveolina 

 layers do not begin to appear in this section till half-way up in the num- 

 mulitic group, the nummulites are most developed also about the middle ; 

 and the lowest fossils are small turritella-like gastropods and fragment- 

 ary oyster shells. 



The lowest bed of the succeeding tertiary sandstone series is a 

 Tertiary sandstone se- purple clay band : some sandstone beds of purplish 

 and gray color succeed, then the thick red clay 

 zone seen beneath the f Yagceshii cliff/ capped by the strongly bedded 

 soft gray sandstones of Esar, but these could only be seen, not reached, 

 from the gorge, the way being, as usual, barred by a cliff with a deep 

 waterpool at its foot where the limestone crosses. 



( 263 ) 



