HILLY RANGES AND THEIR NEIGHBOURHOOD PROM BAHADUR KHEL, &C. 183 



forced to occupy a space between two points only four miles apart from 

 north to south of the Hukani mountains. 



In the wide area of gypsum just mentioned, and which is bounded 

 Nundrukki gypsum D y a thin disturbed band of nummulitic limestone 

 and adjacent strata, the salt locality of Nun- 

 drukki is situated, the guard tower marking the spot where the largest 

 exposures occur. These are all situated in great crateriform hollows 

 sunk among rolling gypsum-covered hills and receiving a considerable 

 quantity of the local drainage by deep ravines, the streams disappearing 

 subterraneously into dark caves in the salt to find an exit no person can 

 tell where. , 



The salt is of the usual gray colour, and undulates with a northerly 

 inclination; it shows cliff faces of 60 feet in depth, and, from different 

 levels of the exposures, may have a thickness of more than 150 feet. 



The gypsum rises into rounded and many channelled hills intersected 



by deep ravines ; much of it would appear to be recomposed on the 



surface containing a large admixture of reddish 

 Recomposed gypsum. . 



clay or earth, probably debris ot the red zone, 



as well as fragments embedded of the nummulitic limestone enclosing 

 fossils, and of the tertiary sandstones in a tender semi-crystalline base, 

 sometimes containing small bipyramidal crystals of quartz and little crys- 

 talline fragments of dolomite. Some of it is black with or without the 

 usual petroleum smell of these dark portions. 



The red clay zone is best seen on the higher situations beneath the 



nummulitic band of Qund Hukani (the widower's 

 Red zone. 



peak), but in lower places, where the gypsum rises 



above it, concealment often results both of this and, in places, of the 



limestone band. From the northern eminences on this rolling gypsum 



ground the contortions of the tertiary sandstone 

 Contortion in Teeree 

 Towey (Tirf Taui) series in the Teeree Towey (Tiri Taui) valley are 



valley. 



very conspicuous, the dark purple and red lower 



( 2S7 ) 



