90 
S. I. Smith — Crustaceans of the Atlantic Coast. 
ming in vast numbers at the surface, and doubtless at great depths as 
well, it is of course somewhat uncertain whether the specimens 
taken in the dredge really come from the bottom or from some point 
between that and the surface. It was found in the stomachs of the 
hake taken in the Bay of Fundy, in 1872, however, which is very 
good evidence that it lives at the bottom for a part ol the time. 
In the Bay of Fundy it occurs at the surface in vast swarms, fill- 
ing the water for miles, and is usually accompanied by schools of 
mackerel, young pollock, and other fish, and in the autumn by 
immense flocks of gulls; the fish and smaller gulls appearing to feed 
almost exclusively upon the Thysanopoda at such times. It not 
infrequently occurs in this way in the harbor of Eastport, Maine, and, 
with a hand-net, may be caught by the quart even from the wharves. 
I have observed it only in August, September and October, but 
Messrs. Merriam and Wilson found it in abundance in April. Profes- 
sor Verrill observed it, in 1859, swarming in myriads at the “ Rep- 
plings,” in the center of the Bay of Fundy. In the Bay of Fundy, 
the inermis was often found associated with this species, but always 
iu very much smaller numbers. The N'orvegica. : occurred on “ mack- 
erel grounds” in Casco Bay, in the same way as in the Bay of Fundy, 
though not in such vast abundance. 
In life, this species is very beautiful. The whole animal, except 
the black eyes, is very translucent ; the edges of the carapax and the 
lower edges of the abdominal segments are faintly tinged with red ; 
the upper surface of the carapax, the peduncles of the antennulse and 
antennae, and the cephalothoracic appendages are spotted and 
banded with deep bright red ; the peculiar sense organs at the bases 
of the first and last pairs of pediform cephalothoracic appendages, 
and beneath the anterior segments of the abdomen are deep purplish 
red ; the principal ganglia of the nervous system and many of the 
peripheral nerves are red, or tinged with red. The ganglia of the 
nervous system are sometimes, if not always, beautifully phospho- 
rescent. 
While at Casco Bay in August, 1873, and before I was aware of 
(t . O. Sars’ observations on the development of this species (in his 
zoological voyage of 1865, above referred to), several of the very 
remarkable larval stages of two species of Thysanopoda , most of the 
larvse apparently belonging to this species, were found among the 
collections made at the surface with the towing-net in the evening. 
The youngest individuals observed belonged to the more common 
species, and, though apparently by no means the earliest of the free- 
