R. Rathbun — List of the Brazilian Echinoderms. 
147 
rarely, between the ventral and adambulacral rows of spines. On the 
disk they are about as numerous as upon the dorsal side of the arms. 
The madreporic plate is small, flattened, rather low down between 
the arms, and surrounded by a row of spines ; it has but few, rather 
simple convolutions. The openings between the plates, on the inner 
half of the arm, are rather large ; papulae placed singly. The above 
description was made from dried specimens. 
This species may be readily distinguished by its very small, simple 
spines, and proportionately very large pedicel lariae ; the latter often 
much exceed the former in size. 
Locality: About 30 miles east of Cape Negro, Brazil, lat. 23° 
20' S., depth 62 fathoms, gravelly bottom. Brought up on the cable 
by the telegraph steamer “ Norseman.” 
Echinaster echiliophorus (Lam.) Perrier. 
Arch, de Zool. Exper., iv, No. 3, p. 364, 1875. 
Echinaster ( Othilia ) crassispina Yerrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., i, p. 368, 1868. 
This species is apparently the most common one of the genus 
Echinaster on the Brazilian coast. Specimens collected at the 
Abrolhos Islands in 1876, agree perfectly with the types of E. 
crassispina , from the same locality, as described by Prof. Yerrill 
(loc. cit.). The same species also occurs in great abundance at many 
places in the Bay of Bahia, generally on rocky bottom (Rathbun) ; on 
the coast of the province of Pernambuco (Brauner) ; and near the 
mouth of the Rio Parahyba do Norte (Br.). It undergoes consider- 
able variation, at times approaching the next species enumerated in 
this list, and the study of a large series of specimens might serve to 
prove the identity of the two species. It is generally found in slight 
depths of water, and when living is of a very bright red color. Bahia 
and Rio de Janeiro (Perrier, in the Museum at Paris from Castelneau). 
It is extremely doubtful if this species occurs at Rio de Janeiro. 
West Indies (Ltitken). North America; Yucatan ; Central Amer- 
ica (Perrier). 
Echinaster sentus (Say) Lvitken. 
Vidensk. Meddel., p. 284, 1871. 
From the Bay of Bahia, there were procured by the author, in 1876, 
several specimens of Echinaster , which it is impossible to distinguish 
from authentic specimens of E. sentus from Florida and the West 
Indies. This species does not, however, appear to be common at the 
former locality. A single specimen of this genus, collected at Per- 
Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. V. 19 .June, 1879, 
