Iviii rnNEP.Ar>Y. 



over nearly the whole «rea, except to the extreme northern side. 

 Before this \va^ an enormous gorge, alwnys filled with rising mist; 

 and it was clearly the cliannel of the Kotinga sti'eam, into which 

 many of the valleys discharged their water from far inwards beyond 

 the middle line. Representing this in a way, but in the other 

 direction, was a wide, open, long valley, sloping slightly from the 

 eastern edge towai'ds the western, past our camp wheie it spread out, 

 and lying not very far from and roughlj' 2)arallel to the south-western 

 face by which we had come up. In wet weather its waters would 

 partly help to swell the various falls over the edge of the great cliit' 

 and also the sti-eam that woiild discharge from the gorge at the top of 

 the ledge. It afforded the easiest walking on the plateau, and is seen 

 in part in the illustration opjiosite the map in Vol. 1. There was 

 entrance from it to numerous side valleys running towards the 

 northern gorge, and no doubt in future ages it will be worked down 

 to a depth comparable with that of the Kotinga to-day, which, when 

 the outer part has been entirely worn down and broken awa)% will 

 leave an approach to the plateau not very unlike in character, though 

 diH'erent in position from that Avhich gives access to-day. 



The fauna is small and insignificant, both as to number of species 

 and of individuals; but with the exception of a dragon-fly, a wasp, and 

 a beetle, they were all new to science, ami some of them Avere types 

 of new genera. A few of the insects collected Avere immature or 

 indeterminable. ]?esides these there were a few others which became 

 spoilt, among them an earthworm and a woodlouse. Some medium- 

 sized black Initterflies, though rather common, were very difticult to 

 catch over the rough ground, and one we managed to secure was 

 hopelessly damaged. Some dark j^ellow and pale yellow and white 

 ones, flying high in the wind, never gave a chance of capture. They 

 seemed to be passing over rather than to belong to the Iloraima 

 top. With these exceptions the specimens were described by various 

 naturalists in the ' Transactions of the Linnean Society,' 1900, already 

 referred to for the new prawn. Those obtaine<l on the first trip had 

 l»een described in the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History,' 1895. 



Of vertebrates there were a small rodent {BMpidoviys) which was 

 named after McConnel! — it had been caught at night in a bucket of 

 water leaning against the rocks : a Zonotrichia, also appropriately 

 named after McConnell, as, after great trouble, he had shot the 

 si)ecimens flying about the scanty vegetation : a small lizard, caught 

 under some rocks: and a tiny black toad (yellow on the under side) 

 w^iich was the type of a new genus, Oreophri/iieUa, and of whicli 

 several specimens wei^e collected, ns it was the connnonest of all the 

 forms, though very difficult to detect among the small pieces of 

 blackened rock, as well as on the general surface. Another new species 

 of the genus {0. Macconelli) was obtaiijed at the foot of the mountain. 

 Another form had also been collected. No fish were to be seen in any 

 of the pools, though at first glance 'some of the dragon-fly larva? had 

 been mistaken for them. A large white hawk, perhaps a species of 

 Leucopternls, was seen flying near the top, but almost certainly it 

 belonged to the slopes, where there would be more food tlian on the 

 practically barren top. We had thought an armadillo miffht be found. 



