82 Memoirs Bcrnicc P. Bishop AIiiscuiii 



CHARACTERS NOT QUAXTITATR'ELY MEASURABLE 



Skin Color 



Skin color is very difficult to record accurately even with the help of color 

 standards, all of which are admittedly inadequate. At the time this work was 

 undertaken, von Luschan's "Hautfarben-Tafel," which is the most practical 

 standard in use at present, was not available. Eritsch's standard, which is much 

 less permanent and entirely impractical for field work, was therefore used, and 

 the results were translated as nearly as possible into terms of von Luschan's scale. 

 The observations were made in two places — an unexposed ])ortion of the skin, 

 preferably the inner side of the ujijier arm. and an exposed place, uniformly the 

 cheek just below the zvomatic arches. Eor the unex])osed skin the color ranges 

 from number lo to number 24 of von Luschan's scale, numbers 14, 15, and 16 

 predominate. In the women the shades run about one degree lighter and num- 

 bers 13, 14. and 15 predominate. Eor the exposed skin of the men numbers 15, 

 16, 17, or 18 predominate. Again, the color of the women runs about one shade 

 lighter, in most being number 14, 15, or 16. In terms of black and white the color 

 ranges from very light flesh yellow to deeji brown. A slightly yellowish medium 

 brown predominates. 



Hair 



Eor hair form the following choice of adiectives was made: straight, low 

 waves, deep waves, curly, frizzlv, woollv. Tt was agreed not to judge bv the general 

 efifecl, but to examine individual hairs. Tn addition hair samples were collected 

 and the results checked up in the laboratorv. The concejition of the various terms 

 agreed upon correspond to the following letters in Martin's ScJicina dcr Haarfonn, 



("Lehrbuch der Anthropologic," fig. 52, page i8g) : straight=a, b, c; low 

 waves=d ; deep waves^e; curlv=f; frizzlv no equal, but refers to the fine 

 deep waves so common where intermixture with woolly-haired people has taken 



place: woolly = g, h, i : tufted or spiral = k, 1. 



The chief differences are due to the fact that oiu" classification was not so 

 minute as Martin's and that we distinguished between fine straight hair and wavy 

 hair. The results are shown in Table T. 



The choice of terms for hair color was black, dark brown, reddish brown. 

 light brown, blond, golden, red, grav. Attention was given to the ]irevalence of 

 customs of artificial bleaching The results show that the practice of bleaching 

 the hair with lime is still in vogue to some extent. The details are given in Table TT. 



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