A CONTRIBUTION TO 

 TONGAN SOMATOLOGY 



7 



By LOUIS R. SULLIVAN 



Based on the field studies of E. W. GififOrd and W. C. McKefn 



INTRODUCTION 



THE somatological studies in Tonga followed the plan previously used for 

 Samoa/ The field records were made by E. W. Gifford and W. C. McKern, 

 assisted by Delila S. Gifford and show evidence of unusual care and discrimi- 

 nation; the mathematical computations were prepared by my wife, Bessie P. Sul- 

 livan. By arrangement between the American Museum of Natural Historj^ and 

 the Bishop Museum the analysis of the data and the preparation of the results for 

 publication constitute my share of the work. 



Mr. Gifford and Mr. McKern call attention to the assistance rendered by 

 many individuals in Tonga and especially to the kindness shown by Their Majesties 

 Queen Charlotte Tupou and Prince Consort ^^^illiam Tungi, who permitted them- 

 selves to be measured, thus graciously setting an example that was gladly followed 

 by their loyal subjects. The Pri^'y Coitncil also greatly aided the expedition by 

 instructing the Minister of Police, Mr. Job Koho, to provide the required number 

 of persons for each day's examinations. 



The material on which this paper is based consists of complete descriptions 

 and measurements of 225 persons, 121 men and 104 women. Of these 10 were of 

 mixed racial descent and their records were therefore discarded. Of the remaining 

 215, 184 were adults more than twenty years of age and 31 adolescents. The 

 averages of non-ciuantitati^'e descriptions are based on observations of young and 

 old from the age of sixteen upward; the averages of all measurements except 

 stature are based on measurements of persons of both sexes eighteen years old 

 and upward. 



Bv nativity the individuals examined arc distributed as follows: Niuatopu- 

 tapu 4; Niuafoou i; Vavau group 25; Haapai group 40 (in detail, Haano 8, No- 

 muka 2, Uiha 4, Lifuka 6, other places 20) ; Tongatabu 148 (Nukualofa 47, other 

 places loi); Eua 5; elsewhere 2. The material was not consciously selected and 

 represents persons of all social classes and occupations. It may be regarded as a 

 fair qualitative sample of the Tongan people. 



'Sullivan, L. A., A contribution to Sanioan somatologj- : B. P. Bishop Mus. Mora. vol. viii, No. 2, igJi. 



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