Sullivan — Tongan Somatology 251 



COMPARISON OF THE TOXGANS WITH THE SAMOANS 



Researches during the past year provide the necessary data for a comparison 

 of the Tongans and the Samoans, and it is practicable to make the comparison 

 somewhat more detailed than is usual, because both groups were studied by the 

 same men, and differences in method and technique can therefore be largely ignored. 



In Table V the standard de\'iations and coefficients 01 variation are com- 

 pared. The Samoan series is some\\'hat noteworthy for its relative homogeneity 

 when compared with existing groups of man. As a group the Tongans show 

 noticeably more variation than the Samoans. In thirteen of the nineteen characters 

 under discussion the Tongans are more A'ariable than the Samoans — a statement 

 which applies to both sexes. In the si.x characters in which the Samoans 

 exceed the Tongans in range, the excess is very slight. In most of the characters 

 in which the Tongans are the more variable the excess is appreciably larger. In 

 both groups the variability as expressed by the coefficient of variation is consider- 

 ably greater in the males than in the females. 



In comparing the averages of the two groups for each anthropometric char- 

 acter shown in Table VI and the frequencies of the attribute characters shown in 

 Table VII, the very close correspondence of the Tongans to the Samoans is striking 

 in every character that lends itself to accurate measurement. Most of the differ- 

 ences occurring might well be regarded as chance differences. It must be remem- 

 bered again that small differences in distribution in the attribute or descriptive 

 characters are not to be taken too seriously. 



TABLE V. COMP.ARISON OF STANDARD DEVIATIONS AND COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATION IN 



SAMOAN .\ND TONGAN SERIES 



CHARACTER MALE FEMALE 



S. D. ± V. in per cent S. D. ± V. in per cent 



Samoan Tongan Samoan Tongan Samoan Tongan Samoan Tongan 



1. Stature 5.25 5.21 3.05 3.01 4.92 5.83 3.05 3.58 



2. Head length 5.69 6.89 2.98 3.60 ':^.22 6.47 2.85 3.51 



3. Head width 4.46 4.26 2.88 2.75 3.87 5.06 2.61 3.37 



4. Minimum frontal 5.98 4.87 5.78 4.64 3.96 4.65 3.90 4.51 



5. Face width 5.23 5.94 3.59 4.13 3.79 6.03 2.77 4.43 



6. Big-onial 5.13 5.81 4.90 5.54 3.93 4.80 3.96 4.83 



7. Face height 6.56 6.81 5.00 5.31 6.41 5.79 5.30 4.66 



8. Nose height 3.64 3.91 6.09 6.80 4.53 Z.l':^ 8.34 6.61 



9. Nose width 2.59 3.02 5.91 6.80 2.56 2.86 6.21 6.82 



10. Ear height 4.23 4.57 6.39 6.92 3.33 3.97 5.44 6.15 



11. Ear width 2.76 2.62 7.84 7.59 2.30 2.35 6.84 7.03 



12. Cephalic inde.x 3.53 3.14 4.34 3.87 2.98 4.09 3.68 5.01 



13. Fronto-parietal inde.x 3.30 3.51 4.94 5.19 3.12 2,22 4.54 4.68 



14. Cephalo-facial index 2.84 4.68 3.01 5.04 2.63 3.23 2.84 3.54 



15. Zygomatico-frontal inde.x 3.55 4.23 5.01 5.78 3.34 3,33 4.49 4.41 



16. Zygomatico-mandibular index 3.84 4.56 5.42 6.22 3.50 3.57 4.83 4.92 



17. Facial index 4.87 4.43 5.42 4.96 5.03 4.32 5.60 4.75 



18. Nasal index 5.86 7.58 7.96 9.76 7.99 6.15 10.47 8.28 



19. Ear index 3.79 3.93 7.11 7.50 4.53 3.93 8.25 7.58 



[21] 



