Sulliz'ai 



-Tongan Soinatologx 



259 



prevailing hair form of the Caucasians. I do not wish, however, to make too 

 much of this point and am wilhng to grant that in this one character the Samoans 

 and Tongans approach nearer to the Caucasian than to the Yellow-Brown types. 

 The same can be said of the lack of prognathism and of the development of the 

 chin. But it should be remembered that the Polynesians are not alone among the 

 Yellow-Browns in thus approaching a Caucasian norm. Certain American Indians 

 approach the Caucasian norms even more closely in the lack of prognathism, ele- 

 vation of the nose, and in the de\'elopment of the chin. 



A few other characters upon which we have data are intermediate between 

 the prevailing Caucasian and Yellow-Brown norms. In detail these are hair tex- 

 ture, amount of beard, amount of body hair, size, shape and direction of the 

 palpebral fissure (eye opening), low frequency of the epicanthic eye fold, low 

 frec[uency of the enamel rim on the upper incisor teeth, the size of the teeth, the 

 hair color (occasionally a slight brownish tint in sunlight) and the cephalo-facial 

 index. 



But in skin color, eye color, the amount of conjunctival pigment, the eleva- 

 tion of the nasal bridge, the form and direction of the nostrils, nasal height, nasal 

 breadth, nasal index, the thickness of the lips, the large massive faces reflected 

 in the face height, face width, and bigonial width, the Samoans and the Tongans 

 differ from the Caucasians and approach more nearly the norms of the brown 

 division of the Yellow-Brown race. These characters may be summarized in 

 tabular form as follows : 



TAF.LE IX. R.-VCIAL AFFINITIES OF THE TOXGAXS AXD SAMOAXS 



A. Approach Caucasian 

 norms in : 



Hair form 



Lack of prognathism 



Chin development 



B. Intermediate between Cau- 

 casian and Yellow-Brown 

 in : 



Hair texture 

 Amount of beard 

 Amount of body hair 

 Form of palpebral fissure 

 Absence of eye fold 

 Absence of incisor rim 

 Hair color 

 Cephalo-facial index 



C. Approach Yellow-Brown 

 norm in : 



Skin color 

 Eye color 



Conjunctival pigment 

 Xasal bridge 

 Nostrils 

 Xasal height 

 Xasal breadth 

 Xasal index 

 Lips 



Face width 

 Face height 

 Bio'onial diameter 



It will be noted that many characters occurring in both races but distinctive 

 of neither have been omitted. I may likewise have laid mvself open to criticism 

 by assigning any one character exclusively to one race. This has been done con- 

 sciously for the sake of clearness in presentation. In saying, for example, that 



[29] 



