Linton — The Marqncsas Islands 317 



on the other hand are decorated onl}- on those parts which were decorated 

 in the actual ancient canoe and show a close attention to all details, even those 

 hidden when the canoe was assembled, which is good e\'idence that the maker at- 

 tempted a replica of the actual craft. At the present time the natives make models 

 of the European vessels which visit the group and these models are properly pro- 

 portioned and surprisingly accurate as to detail, the original of any model being 

 at once recognizable. It seems probable, therefore, that the old models reproduce 

 the real canoes with similar exactness, and it seems justifiable to use them for illus- 

 tration and for the settlement of doubtful points. 



Probably the earliest model now preserved is that in the Peabody Museum 

 of Salem, INIass., which was made before 1820. (See PI. XLiv, A.) As may be 

 seen from the photograph it differs somewhat from the descriptions obtained. 

 There are no separate bow and stern piece, the figurehead rests directly on the top 

 of the cutwater, and the outrigger is unusual in form with a direct attachment. It 

 is possible that it reproduces a special type, now forgotten, but it is equally pos- 

 sible that its extremely small size has led to the omission of certain features. 

 Next in age to this model are two preserved in the Bishop Museum (PI. 

 XLiv, C) which agree in every way with the descriptions given, and appear to 

 be accurate replicas of the ancient craft. The highly decorated example (PI. 

 XLIV, B) is comparatively new, and was probably made for sale to Europeans. 



COMPARISON OF POLYNESIAN CANOES 

 The simple dugout is of such widespread use among primitive peoples that 

 a consideration of its occurrance is of little or no comparative value. Quite the 

 reverse is true, however, of the built up canoe, as such craft offer a wide field 

 for possible variation. If we study the Polynesian canoes of this sort we find 

 that in Tonga and Samoa, and from there eastward to the Society Islands, these 

 craft were built up of many sections, each cut to fit its position in the whole. 

 These sections were fastened together by cords passed not throvigh the body of 

 the plank, but through oblique holes cut in flanges or projections left on the 

 inner side of each section at the time it was hewn. No lashings were visible on 

 the outer surface, which, after the boat was assembled, was rubbed down to an 

 even finish. The sections were so accurately fitted that it was often difficult to 

 detect the joints. In Hawaii, the Marquesas, and New Zealand, the built up 

 canoe consisted of five parts, an underbody — hewn when possible from a single log 

 — bow and stern pieces, and side planks. These were attached by lashings passed 

 through holes in the body of the plank so that they were exposed on the outside. 

 The Samoan and Tongan craft had a sharp cutwater and were flat at bow and 

 stern. Certain parts of the larger Samoan canoes were carved but the bow and 

 stern decorations were limited to knobs carved on the flat upper surface or on the 



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