Linton — TJic Marquesas Islands 329 



of the haft, brought out, and pulled taut. In the third specimen, which was 

 made by the Atu Ona informant, the lashings were laid on in alternate diagonal 

 loops beginning at the bottom. These loops crossed each other along the line of the 

 middle of the tang, giving an ornamental effect. The last two binding loops at the 

 top were horizontal, while two more loops were passed around the haft above the 

 blade. The end was made fast by tucking it under the last few turns of cord on 

 the right side. (See PL XLViii, A.) The maker insisted that this form of lash- 

 ing was the ancient one and it is probable that several forms of ornamental lash- 

 ing were originally in use. One of these, mentioned in a chant for the making 

 of a boy's first adz, was called the huinita tane oa, and was probably derived 

 from a string figure of the same name. (Handy, personal correspondence.) 



Adz blades were rarely if ever set at right angles to the handle, the in- 

 cluded angle in modern specimens being 70 degrees or less. The handles of 

 ordinary adzes were short, those used at the present time are commonly less than 

 a foot long, but blades used for heavy work, such as roughing out canoes were 

 formerly provided with long hafts. In Nuku Hiva an adz with a four foot handle 

 is said to have been used for this purpose. (Handy, personal correspondence.) 



The adjustable socket, common in Micronesia and in some parts of 

 Melanesia, seems to have been unknown in the Marquesas, although it was 

 known and used to a limited extent in Hawaii. It is lacking in other parts of 

 Polynesia, and the Hawaiian examples are probably referable to a Micronesian 

 influence. 



Chisel Hafting 



No specimen of the ancient Marquesan chisel hafts was found, and the 

 following description is based on information obtained in the group and upon two 

 reproductions made by Hapuani, of Atu Ona, Hiva Oa. In both these reproductions 

 the handle consists of a straight rectangular stick of wood between 10 inches and 

 II inches long, i inch wide, and ^ inch thick. The wood in one is fau, in the 

 other temanu. A socket for the blade is cut on one side of the lower end of the 

 shaft. When in position the blades project beyond the handle for about two- 

 thirds of their length. The lashings are of sennit, arranged as in the more 

 elaborate form of adz lashing, except that the cord is passed around the handle 

 several times above the socket. (See PL xi^viii, B.) 



USE OF ADZES AND CHISELS 



No stone adzes have been used in the Marquesas for many years, but as the 

 form of the modern iron-bladed tools is almost identical with that of the ancient 

 ones it seems probable that the method of use was the same. At the present time 

 every skilled workman owns two or more adzes, at least one of which has a 



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