438 Memoirs Bcniicc P. BisJiof' Mitscimi 



variations, but we have no data as to the locaHty from whicii the examples in American 

 museums were collected. 



The construction of the feather ornaments attached to the iiliil:aiia is 

 clearly shown in Plate Lxxxi, C. 



The base of the ornament is a straight stick 8 to 10 inches long, and about Yz an inch 

 thick at the bottom and tapering to ]/i inch at the top. This is flattened on the sides. The 

 feathers are laid on with their quills resting against tlie flat sides, and are held in jilace hy 

 a continuous wrapping of sennit, the work progressing from the t()]i downward. The technitiue 

 is thus essentiallv the same as that used in the taazvha. The lower ends of the (irnaments 

 are inserted between the shell and the hand, and attached to the hand liy loo])s of sennit. 



The iihikaiia was essentially a man's headdress, hut does not seem to have 

 been tapu to women. It was worn principally by warriors and dancers, and 

 seems to have been used in all the islands of the group. 



A sennit and pearl shell ornament of different type is preserved in the 

 Peabody Museum of Harvard University. The nacre is in the form nf small 

 pear-shaped ovals, which are fastened point down uixin a sennit band. The band 

 appears to be plaited, and is certainly not woven as are the bands of packalia and 

 tihikana. 



A peculiar object, probably a headdress, is shown on Plate lxxxii, D. Tt 

 is made from small cords of twisted coconut fiber, and consists of a woven banrl 

 from which hangs three rows of broad flat fringe. 



Edge- Partington (20, p. 47) illustrates a head ornament consisting of a 

 sennit band which bears, in the center of the front, a grotesque head, also woven 

 of sennit, with nacre eyes and pointed teeth. 



A few other headdresses are mentioned by early writers. Forster (25, 

 pp. 15-16) says: 



''Some wore .... a circle from which several ranges of twisted strings of coconut coir 

 about two inches long, either of the natural color or dyed black diverged round the head." 

 Krusenstern (34, pp. 156-159) mentions a headdress made of "a ring of soft wood, from 

 which a row of strings is suspended." An informant in Hiva Oa said that a string head- 

 dress called paeha'a was used in ancient times, but could give no details of its form. It 

 seems probable that it belonged to one of the types already mentioned. 



Fleurieu (23, p. 113) says: "They wear a sort of helmet visor covered 

 with white fabric on which different figures are painted in black." 



Aigrettes made from old men's beards were frequently worn with the 

 pciic ci and packaha, and probably with other ornaments as well. Thev were 

 called pavaJiina. They seem to have been used in all the islands of the grou]), and 

 are represented in most museum collections. The beards were usuallv those of 

 old male relatives, but an old man who was not a relative might be paid to let his 

 beard grow for the purpose. The owner of such an ornament can usuallv give 



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