Lintcin—^The Marquesas Islands 439 



the name of the man whose beard was used, even when the pavahina is several 

 generations old. In spite of the surprising whiteness of the hair in some of these 

 ornaments no method of artificial bleaching seems to have 'been employed. In 

 almost every specimen there are a few black hairs sprinkledi lariiong the white, 

 and rarely tresses of entirely black hair are included. ' ' ' 



As may be seen from the illustration (PI. lxxxii, £.);)the fazfahina was 

 made up from a great number of locks of hair. '.'•'', "■. '', 



To make one of these locks 3, long tress of hair was doubled over tp ."form a loop 

 through which a very fine cord of twisted coconut fiber was passed, /The ^lopJD was then 

 wrapped with a single strand of fiber. The two ends of the cord passing through the loop 

 were twisted together to form a single heavier cord. The tresses^ with their attached cords, 

 were then gathered into bundles of from ten to thirty, the ends of the cqrds in each bundle 

 being fastened together and wrapped with sennit in the same way that the individual tresses 

 were wrapped. A sennit cord, heavier than the cords running to the tresses, was attached to 

 the lower end of the bundle. To complete the ornament, from four to ten of these bundles 

 were placed side by side in two parallel rows, and sewn together with single strands of 

 fiber. The cords depending from the bundles were plaited together to form a flat pad, one- 

 half to three-quarters of an inch long, through the lower edge of which passed a long cord 

 which served for the attachment of the ornament. The method of attaching the pavahina to 

 the peiic ci, and its appearance when in position, are shown on Plate lxxxii, A. 



Black dyed sennit, or even cords of human hair, were sometimes used in- 

 stead of ordinary sennit for wrapping the bundles. A crudely made pavahina, 

 in which the technique differs somewhat from that described, is shown on Plate 

 LXXXIIj F. 



The pad and bundle wrappings of the pavahina were sometimes whitened with lime or 

 clay, and the ornaments are said to have been laid out in the dew for a few nights before a fete 

 to clean and whiten them. 



Pa-vaJiina appear to have sometimes been worn on the body or limbs with or in place 

 of the hair ornaments described on p. 424. A photograph of an old Nuku Hiva man in full 

 dress shows a half circle of them worn around the chin as a false beard. 



Dordillon gives two terms of considerable interest — pac inaiiiaiie, which 

 he translates "helmet," and pac vcinehae, which he translates "mask." The ex- 

 istence of these terms appears to be the only evidence for the occurrence of either 

 helmets or masks in the Marc[uesas. 



Dordillon also gives three words for comb: kofcu, paJicii and pacliii. No 

 Marquesan combs are preserved in American collections, and there are no indica- 

 tions that combs ever formed part of the Marquesan headdress. If they were 

 used in prehistoric times they were probably toilet articles, not ornaments. 



Carved bone tubes were sometimes attached to locks of hair as ornaments. 

 These were identical with those used on the fiber handles of containers and on the 

 cords of largfe drums. 



[179] 



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