466 Memoirs Bcrnicc P. Bishop }fiisciim 



vanguard met and mixed with tlie rearguard df tlie Caucasic immigrants and a 

 group of this mixed people sailed eastward, pcrhajis fnnn tlie ^Marshall gri>up, 

 and discovered and colonized Hawaii. The main 1)ody of the Indonesian in- 

 vaders arri\-e(l first in western Polynesia and estahlished themselves most 

 thoroughlv in Tonga, where the islands were com])aratively small and level. Tn 

 Samoa, where the islands were large and mountainous, the earlier Caucasic and 

 negroid jiopulatinn held nut for a considerable time and was able In si anew hat 

 modifv the culture and ])hysical type of the Cdurjuerors. Tn Xiue, an isolated 

 group of the earlier poimlation survived into historic times. The Indonesians 

 sailed southward from western Polvnesia and discovered and colonized Xew 

 Zealand. Thev also spread over southeastern Polynesia and reached the l\hir- 

 quesas. In that group they mixed with the earlier Caucasic population produc- 

 ing a culture somewhat like that which had been carried to Hawaii by immi- 

 grants of mixed Caucasic and Indonesian race. They were unable to dis])]ace 

 the mixed Caucasic and negroid populations of the larger southeastern Poly- 

 nesinn islands Imt thev established colonies fin these islands. This first Indone- 

 sian invasion was followed bv a jieriod of comparative quiescence during which 

 few vovages were made. About the year 1000 A.D. (70, a, p. 223) a second 

 period of voyages commenced. It is impossible to tell what caused the resum])- 

 tion of nautical activity, but it seems probable that western Polynesia had become 

 overpopulated and that the culture of the Indonesians in that region had been 

 stimulated bv their contact with Fiji. Inmn'grants from western Polynesia 

 reached the Socictv group and explored northward from it until thev redis- 

 covered Hawaii. There thev found a liranch of the same ])eople who had been 

 modified by long isolation and so were able to establish themselves as overlords 

 without meeting with serious opposition. Thev brought to Hawaii a few features 

 of culture which they had acquired during their passage through southeastern 

 Polynesia. In southeastern Polynesia the ]iressure of the invasion from the west 

 forced some of the population to migrate to northern Xew Zealand and the south- 

 ern Marquesas. These migrants were predominantly Caucasic and negroid in 

 race but were probably under the direction of chiefs descended from the earlier 

 Indonesian invaders of southeastern Polynesia. In Xew Zealand thev destroyed 

 the earlier Indonesian population or drove it into the undesirable localities. In the 

 Marquesas they ousted the earlier population froni the southern islands of the 

 group but were unable to conquer the noriliern islands. After the departure of 

 these emigrants from southeastern Polynesia, western Polvnesian immigrants 

 established themselves in the region, destroving or modifving the earlier t\])e of 

 culture. 



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