$6 Education and Innervation. 



sensory are those which serve to conveniently develop and 

 perfect the organs of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch ; 

 the intellectual, those which have for their aim the functional 

 development of the organs of locomotion, of prehension and 

 speech ; the affective, those which tend to influence certain 

 organic modifications required in the development of health, 

 physique, and character. Now everyone knows that the 

 sensations are so much more distinct, so much less confused, 

 and so much more diversified as the sensory organs have been 

 better exercised. This may be especially seen in the case of 

 painters, in whom the organ of sight is especially trained, in 

 musicians whose ear is taught to detect the faintest variation of 

 tone, in handicraftsmen in whom, what has been called the great 

 knowledge-giver, the power of touch is developed and perfected. 

 The development of the organs of smell and taste is practically of 

 the same character as that of touch, so that the five senses have 

 not inaptly been termed the five gateways of knowledge. But 

 in connection with innervation this power of touch is so im- 

 portant that I should like to refer you to a remark of Sir 

 James Crichton-Browne on the " Training of the Hand." He 

 says — " Brain motor centres are taking an indispensable share 

 in our mental life, and mind would be as impossible without 

 them as would be the circulation of the blood without one 

 ventricle of the heart, and, besides this, they are constantly 

 animating and controlling our muscular apparatus in all its 

 intelligent applications. It is plain, then, that the highest 

 possible functional activity of these centres is a thing to be 

 aimed at with a view to general mental power, as well as with 

 a view to muscular expertness, and as the hand centres hold a 

 prominent place among the motor centres, and are in relation 

 with an organ which, in prehension, in touch, and in a thousand 

 different combinations of movement, adds enormously to our 

 intellectual resources, besides enabling us to give almost un- 

 limited expression to our thoughts and sentiments, it is plain 

 that the highest possible functional activity of these hand 

 centres is of paramount importance not less to mental grasp 



