43 



history. The plotting of similar charts of curves is a usual 

 exercise now in some American schools. 



DIAGRAM IV. 

 WILL O 



Determines 



Prophesies 



SHALL O 

 Person I. 



Diagram IV. illustrates the application of graphic methods 

 to the study of grammar in the question of the proper employ- 

 ment of the auxiliary verbs "shall" and "will." It almost ex- 

 plains itself. The full lines indicate the common use of the 

 words, dotted lines either partly obsolete, or newly forming uses, 

 as " shall " in the old form of prophecy common in the Bible, 

 e.g. — " He shall give His angels charge concerning thee." Also 

 " will " in the form now used virtually as a command to an 

 inferior whom we politely do not wish to impress with his 

 inferiority, as " You will saddle my horse at once, please." 

 This diagram also is not intended so much as an example 

 of authoritative grammatical rules, as an illustration of the 

 graphic method. 



Geography of course lends itself specially to map making, but 

 its teaching might be undertaken to even a greater extent by 

 this method. I have often been told that cotton came from the 

 Southern American States, gold from California, and wheat and 

 maize from the Northern States, but I never had the localities 

 of these products so clearly and indelibly impressed as by seeing 

 for a few minutes in the Philadelphia Education Department a 

 map, made by a student, where the cotton States were tufted 

 with the real produce of the cotton plant, the gold States were 



