118 Henry Riddell on 



honoured him by instituting the Andrews Studentship in 

 Chemistry, and by presenting his portrait to the University, 

 where it hangs in the Examination Hall. At his death he was 

 mourned as a great teacher and as a good and kindly man, for 

 whose life his country was grateful, and for his death sorrowed 

 deeply. 



It is impossible to deal at all fully with his many investigations 

 and I shall only mention a few. 



In 1841 he began to publish a great series of researches on 

 the heat developed in chemical combination, and it may be 

 remembered that in 1840 Hess published the results of a number 

 of experiments on the same subject. It is singular how often we 

 find a series of investigations proceeding in one country, and at 

 the same time, quite independently, somewhere far away another 

 man has chosen to follow the same research, and publication is 

 almost simultaneous. Andrews' experiments were perhaps more 

 accurate in results and more numerous than those of Hess, but 

 both deserve honour for their work. It was a favourite subject 

 with Andrews, and he continued to work occasionally on it for 

 many years, while for the time between 1841 and 1849 it formed 

 almost his only research. It is characteristic of the man that he 

 best loved to seek the inner secrets of a chemical law from the 

 point of view of energy, and it is interesting to note that all 

 through the great series of experiments he seems to take for 

 granted the law of conservation of energy, not definitely framed 

 for some years later. He looked upon it as self-evident that a 

 compound which gave out heat during combination, should take 

 up precisely the same amount when its bonds were released, and 

 that the thermal properties of a body were not dependent upon 

 its history, but that the energy of combination in a compound 

 was the same no matter how many transformations it had passed 

 through or Avhat path these followed. He was the author of the 

 report on this subject to the British Association of 1849, in which 

 a comprehensive survey was made of the then state of our 

 knowledge. Towards the end of this period belongs a research on 



