APOSTATES. By L. B. Protjt. 43 



culate, usually more interrupted outer line of both wings. Moreover the apex of the forewing, particularly in 

 the ?, though acute m all the three allies, is the most prominently so in rara. The underside of the forewing 

 is suffused with grey or red-grey basally, the rest of the markings nearly as above. Dharmsala. A separate 

 race which occurs in Sikkim (olivacea Warr.) will be discussed in Vol. 12. olivaem. 



R. vitiacearia Moore evidently belongs to this section of the genus, aiid most specimens conform to our vinarearia. 

 characterization in respect of the point of origin of the second subcostal ; but occasionally this vein arises from 

 the cell, though close to the point of origin of the 3. — 5. subcostal, and forms herein a troublesome irre- 

 gularity in the application of our scheme. Concerning the name-type of this species, described from Bengal and 

 therefore not coming within the Palearctic fauna, it is necessary to say a few words here because the law of priority 

 necessitates its acceptonce. Unfortunately it represents a very rare form of the species with the ground-colour 

 darkened (reddish ochreous) and the lines weak, so that at first glance it looks almost unicolorous. It may re- 

 present a local race, but more probably a mere aberration. — ab. stigmatica Btlr. (3 e) seems therefore the cor- siigmafica. 

 rect designation of the common form, in which the ground-colour is clear light greyish ochreous, not or scarcely 

 darkened with reddish, and with the red lines, costal margin of forewing and fringes standing out distinctly. 

 The position of the markings is sufficiently shown in our figure, but a basal line is usually present on the hind- 

 wing also. The simple median line of the forewing and the sinuous outer line of both wings distinguish it 

 from the two preceding; on the hindwing the median line is occasionally double, but its outer part scarcely 

 ever so strong as in our figure. The under surface, like that of rara, has some dark clouding in the basal 

 area of the forewing. Dharmsala, Sultanpur and no doubt other localities in the same district. — curvata cunmfa. 

 Warr., described from Bhotan, seems to differ very little, and will probably be found as an aberration in Palearc- 

 tic localities. It is described as dull ochreous cinereous, the costa hardly darker, the cell-spot small. — sinensis sinensis, 

 subsp. nov. More tinged with dull rufous than the other forms, the fringes concolorous, not rosy, the lines reddish- 

 brown, not rose-colour; middle line. even straighter than is usual in vinacearia, outer Ime more deeply sinuate, 

 discal dots smaller; a faint oblique dark shade from distal margin close to apex; under surface without the dark 

 clouding at base of forewing. In addition, forewing appears slightly broader, its distal margin is slightly less 

 straight (more convex) and that of the hindwing is less regularly rounded, being a^ppreciably, though extremely 

 slightly, bent at the third radial. Very distinct in aspect, superficially suggesting a light Tanaotrichia fraso- 

 naria SivinJi. more than a Rhodostrophia. Perhaps a distinct species. Moupin, July, 1890, the type (J and a 

 quite similar $; Chang Yang, June, 1888, a very worn (J and $; all from the Leech collection, now in that 

 of the British Museum. 



R. philolaches is a rather broad-winged species which cannot possibly be confused with any other of 

 the genus. Almost the only other plain grey species, cinerascens, has much narrower wings and of a more 

 glossy texture ; and even badiaria. and one or two others which in their greyest forms might approach the ground- 

 colour of philolaches have not its well-rounded hindwing. The strongly zigzag inner and outer lines also separate 

 philolaches from all its allies, and a more detailed description is unnecessary. Flies in June and July. — 

 philolaches Ob. is the form from South- West China (Ta-chien-lu, Moupin, Ni-tou) and is distinguished by the philolarliefi. 

 plain grey colour, with scarcely any tinge of yellowish. — tibetaria Stgr. (= farinosa Warr.) (3 e), from Koko- tibetaria. 

 Nor and Amdo, differs very little, but is, at least generally, of a mors yellowish tone. The difference, however, 

 is not striking, and Warren, who described the (J of his farinosa from Koko-Nor and the $ from Ta-chien-lu, 

 did not even remark on any sexual dimorphism. I have compared his $ with Oberthijr's figure. Of 8 exam- 

 ples of this species before me, one has the second subcostal of the forewing arising from the cell, though 

 quite near to the point of origin of the third to fifth. 



R. bisinuata Warr. is unknown to me, the type specimen having been mislaid. It may possibly be a bisinvata. 

 Tanaotrichia, and on account of the uncertainty! have left it to the end of the genus; but it is very likely 

 that its true position is next to vinacearia, and it may even be a form of that species or of sinensis, if the latter 

 be specifically distinct. The description is not very full, but the shape would apparently be that of vinacearia, 

 or even oirara. "Dull ochreous cinereous, very much like R. curvata Warr. (= vinacearia Moore, fide Hampson), 

 but the forewings more pointed and the submarginal line twice sinuate, not simply curved, as in the Indian 

 species just mentioned, nor with a single sinus as in trilineata Warr. (= Tanaotrichia prasonaria Swinh.). One 

 $ from Japan, the same size as curvata Warr.". 



2. Genus: Apoistates Warr. 



Characters of Rhodostrophia, but with the distal wall of outer areole (the base of the stalk of the 

 and 4:. subcostal veins) obsolete, resultiiig in a very abnormal phenomenon which has otherwise only been 



