48 TIMANDRA. By L. B. Protjt. 



narrowly dark-centred, dorsal patches on the first to fifth abdominal segments, each pointed at its anterior end 

 and truncate at its posterior. I have found it feeding among the seeds of dock, and it is easily obtained by 

 rearing from the egg. Pupa light brown, dark spotted, the wing-veins dark. There are, at least m favourable 

 seasons and locahties, two broods of the moth, the hibernated larvae producing the imagines about June, while 

 a part of the offspring of these feeds up quickly, moths appearing again in August-September. In the height 

 of summer the egg has been known to hatch very quickly, only 4 or 5 days after beiiag laid. The moth frequents 

 rank, weedy places at the edges of fields or the borders of woods, or hides by day in hedges. It is easily disturbed, 

 but in cool weather drops to the ground instead of f lyuig, and in any case it does not fly far. The natural time 

 of flight is at or after dusk, when it may be captured with the net, usually flymg rather near the ground. — ■ 

 amata. amata L. (= amataria L. = vibicaria Hufn., nee CI. = angulata Geoff.) (5f) is the common European form 

 with the speckling usually comparatively slight, the pink of the oblique line rather bright but not extended. 

 Second-brood specimens are smaller and still freer from dark dusting, approaching the extreme forms described 



effusaria. under comptaria. — ab. effusaria Klem. is strongly dusted with grey, the pink of the oblique line very broadly 

 diffused distally, the outer line very distinct. Sepp has figured an extreme example, with the entire hind- 

 roseata. wing suffused with rosy. — • ab. roseata Hirschke is of a uniform reddish-grey tone, with the oblique line 

 deleta. obsolete. — ab. deleta J?&L, perhaps not really separable from the preceding, is described as almost without mar- 

 kings, the fringes red. It is founded on a figure by Geyer in Hubner's weIl-kno^vn work, which is not of an 

 nigra, unusually reddish tone of colour. — ab. nigra JRbl., founded on a specimen in the Capper collection, is uniform 

 smoky brown, with only the tips of the fringes pmkish. Barrett's figure of the specimen seems a little too dark, 

 and this has misled Rebel into describing it as black; but in any case it is a very remarkable form. In "The 

 suffumala. Entomologist", vol. 26, p. 65, it was described as "luiicolorous soft olive-green". — ab. suffumata ab. nov., 

 described by Barrett from the collection of the Rev. J. Greene, is of a uniform pale smoky grey, but with 



bipariita. the oblique hne present. — ab. bipartita ab. nov. is normally coloured proximally to the oblique hue, but the 

 entire area beyond it is smoke-coloured on both wmgs, only becoming paler again just before the pink fruiges. 

 Figured by Mobius in "Iris", vol. 18, pi. 2, fig. 5, a similar example described by Aigner-Abafi, Ann. 



grisearia. Mus. Nat. Hung. vol. 4, p. 527. — grisearia Petersen, rather large, strongly dusted, Imes reddish grey, not 

 comptaria. pink, is said to form a local race in the Baltic Provmces, but occurs as an aberration elsewhere. — comptaria 

 Walk, is a dwarf race from China and Japan. Walker's tjY»s is moderately dark-speckled, but a rather larger 

 percentage of the specimens are free from specklmg, the pink line and margins bright and often extended. April 

 onwards, thus not merely a second-brood form. A larger, heavily speckled form from Japan still needs closer 

 investigation ( ? = grisearia Petersen). The species would perhaps be a suitable one for temparature experiments. 



conveciaria T. convectaria Walk. ( 1 a) differs from amata in the following characters : antennal shaft and basal half 



(or more) of costa of forewhig fuscous; wings more tmged with ochreous or reddish, the oblique line with ru- 

 fous, not pink; fringes darkened; forewing with distinct dark dots on the 4. and 5. subcostals close to apex; 

 hindwing with rather sharper tail. Widely distributed ua India, not hitherto recorded as Palearctic. I have, 

 however, received a ^ from Chungking, taken at the end of May, 1910. 



correspon- T. correspofldens Hmpsn. ( 1 a) is nearly related to the preceding, agreeing with it in shape and in the darkened 



*"*■ costal margin. The ground-colour, however, is that of amata, the oblique line and frmges ferrugmous, the ante- 

 median line of forewmg well-defined, quite straight, the postmedian with the outward curve very weak, that 

 of the hmdwmg still less curved, often quite straight. Discal spot nearly V-shaped. Under surface nearly like 

 upper. Apparently not variable. Described from Dharmsala, occurs also in Sikkim and Assam. The only 

 dated specimen which I have seen was captured at the end of June. 



exiremaria. T. extremaria Walk. (= sordidaria Walk.) (5 f) differs from amata in the shorter palpus, more blackish 



face, the apex of the forewing somewhat more falcate, of the hmdwmg somewhat more square; the oblique 

 line is rather thick, dark grey overlaid with dull reddish, the other lines very weak, reduced to mere dots on 

 the veins; fringes concolorous -with wings and without a dark line at their base. Under surface similar, more 

 strongly speckled, the oblique line not tuaged with reddish, a dark distal margmal Ihie. Distributed across 

 China from Omei-Shan and Chungking to Nmgpo, occurring from June to September. Also in Formosa. 



T. rectistrigaria, though otherwise normal in structure, is the most aberrant species of the genus in shape, 

 the forewing stumpier, with distal margin less oblique and more convex, the hindwing with the tail at the 

 3. radial very slight, a famt concavity from here to the 2. subcostal, hence a bend at this latter vein also. Ground- 

 colour dull white, profusely and coarsely spotted all over with grey-brown, sometimes almost without markings, 

 at other times with the oblique line and outer line present, though never extremely sharply expressed; the 

 former, wher traceable throughout, is seen to start from the costa slightly before the apex, and reaches the 

 inner margin of the hmdwing further from the base, nearly meetmg the outer line; the latter, when present, 



