SPANIOCENTRA; COMIBAENA. By L. B. Proft. 19 



and first median both stalked. Closely related to Comibaena, but with the hindwing elbowed, not rounded, 

 the (^ antennal pectinations mucli shorter, the $ palpus shorter and the $ frenulum stronger. Only one species 

 in known. 



0. difficta Walk. (= gratiosaria Brem.) (2 b). Bright green, both wings broadly but irregularly bordered difficta. 

 with whitish (usually strongly mixed with reddish brown), the bordering occupying about half of the hindwing, with 

 the ground colour encroaching more or less deeply between third radial and second median ; on the forewing 

 the bordering occupies a large area at anal angle, a patch in middle of distal margin and a blotch distally 

 to a zigzag white hne. Underside mostly whitish, with a few brown spots. Central China to Amurland. 



17. Genus; Spaiiioceiitra Prout. 



Superficially similar to Comibaena, distinguished by the less fully rounded hindwing, which is slightly 

 emarginate between the first and third radial veins, and especially by one or two important structural charac- 

 ters. Palpus with secont joind smooth-scaled. Hindtibia with only one pair of spurs. Forewing with the second 

 subcostal vein arising after the fifth; both wings with the discocellulars separately curved, resulting in an 

 angle at the point of origin of the second radial. 



A small Indo-Malayan genus, scarcely entering the Palearotio Region. 



C. pannosa Moore (= lyra Swinh.) (2 b). Bright green with purple-brown marginal line and lighter panmsa. 

 purple-brown fringes. Costal edge of forewing narrowly white, then again narrowly purple-brown. Trans- 

 verse lines broken into irregular series of dots. Forewing with a large purple-brown, white-centred blotch at 

 anal angle, hindwing with a much smaller blotch at apex. Under surface whitish blue-green, with the blotches 

 present but much duller in colour; no other markings. Distributed throughout India and to Burma. The fi- 

 gured specimen is from northern Nepal, in coll. Seitz. — incomptaria Leech, from Wa-shan, West-China, is incomp- 

 apparently a weekly marked variety or aberration, but as only Leech's type specimen is yet known, and this ^""'*- 

 is not in perfect condition, it is possible that it may prove to be purely a synonym. The species is in any case 

 somewhat variable in the size of the blotches. 



18. Genus : Comibaena Hbn. 



Palpus with second joint long, rough-haired above and beneath, third joint in $ moderate to long. An- 

 tenna in c? strongly pectinate, in $ somewhat variable, very rarely pectinate. Hindtibia nearly always with 

 hairpencil and terminal process, the latter often fully half as long as tarsus. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum 

 in $ rudimentary or wanting. Forewing with subcostals variable, first radial usually stalked, first median 

 occasionally stalked. Hindwiiig with distal margin smooth or nearly so, usually well rounded, second subcostal 

 stalked, first median extremely variable in position. — Larva very rugose, a strong lateral flange, special hooked 

 processes to which are attached fragments of leaf, almost entirely concealing the larva. Feed on various trees 

 or bushes. The genus is a large and evidently natural one, notwithstanding a good deal of variability in 

 neuration. The palpus is always characteristic, the hindleg structure nearly always, and even the shape and 

 coloration are generally very recognizable. The species are generally of a very beautiful bright green (though 

 liable to fade), more or less adorned with blotches of reddish, or at the least with red marginal line ; the under 

 surface usually shaded with whitish and more delicate green. The eastern Palearctic and the Indo-Austra- 

 lian Regions are the richest in species, but western Europe produces one species and Africa a few. 



C. pu\chrsi Stgr. (3 a) is smaller than most of its group, and very distinct in the extended brownish-white pulchra. 

 marginal patches of both wings, which are broadest in the middle of the wing. The lines on forewing are indi- 

 cated chiefly by spots at the margins, the hindwing (as in the allied species) is without hnes. The under surface 

 also shows the pale marginal patches, and on each wing a dark discal dot as distinct as above. Palestine. 



C. pustulata Hufn. (= bajularia Schiff. = ditaria Fab. = glauca Geoff.) (2 b). Bright green very finely pustulaia. 

 and inconspicuously strigulated with white. The lines fine, white, present on forewing only ; antemedian becom- 

 ing thicker and dentate towards inner margin, postmedian running into a reddish-brown, partly white-mar- 

 gined blotch at anal angle. Hindwing with an irregular distal bordering of white spots or small patches, marked 

 with red-brown, that at anal angle the largest; marginal hne red-brown. Under surface paler, almost unmarked, 

 a somewhat paler anal blotch on forewing. The larva feeds on oak, hibernates small, and may be beaten 

 from the higher branches in the spring, but is easily overlooked on account of its covering, which makes it 

 look exactty like a tiny bunch of dead leafage. So long ago as 1797 one of the authors of the,, Vienna Catalogue" 

 (Denis) gives us an interesting paragraph on the protection of this larva, and asks: ,,Has Dame Nature by 



