68 



ACIDALIA. By L. B. Protjt. 



disdusaria. A. disclusaria Chr. is unknown to me, but is stated by Staudinger to belong in the vicinity of flos- 



lactata and pudicaria, and certainly his figure suggests a near relative of pudicaria. Ground-colour nearly as in 

 immistaria, light straw-yellow or somewhat sulphur-yellow, lines and discal dots very distinct, distal marginal 

 dots present but varying in distinctness; postmedian line sinuous and twice incurved, about as in floslactata, 

 although possibly (according to the figure) rather less distinctly dentate, subterminal line indistinct. Hind- 

 wing weakly bent at extremity of third radial. Under surface whitish yellow, the costal margin of forewing 

 and the fringes coloured as above; discal dots and the lines beyond them sharply expressed. Amurland: 

 Vladivostok and Sutschan, end of June and beginning of July. 



pudicaria. A. pudicaria Motsch. (4i). Oil account of the defectiveness of the original description and the exist- 



ence of several closely related species m the Eastern Palearctic Region, we cannot be absolutely certain 

 regarding the identification of this species. Staudinger's determination, which should be accepted, rests 

 on two cJcJ in the Lederer collection which were so named and which (like the original) came from Japan. 

 A good deal like the more weakly marked forms of floslactata, in which the minute black discal dot of the 

 hindwing is wanting above, but with both discal dots present on the under surface. Colour on an 

 average less yellowish. Hindwing above with the postmedian Ime further from the distal margin, this line obsolete 

 beneath; on the contrary the underside shows a distinct outer line representing the proximal edge of the 

 subterminal. In floslactata and superciliata beneath these lines are often both present, the inner (the true 

 postmedian) the stronger, or if only one is developed this seems to be always the true postmedian. ^ antennal 

 ciliation longer than in floslactata, liindleg similarly formed. The $ is generally whiter than the cj, both 

 above and on the forewing beneath, but ^^ do occur with the forewing white beneath, only with some dark 

 speckling in the region of the subcostal vein. Japan, Amurland, Korea, Chang Yang, occurring from the 

 nupta. latter part of May to July. — nupta Btlr. (31, 4 m fig. 6) appears to me undoubtedly only the second-brood 

 form of pudicaria, although experimental evidence has not hitherto been obtained. Excepting its smaller 

 size, I can find absolutely no constant difference, and it is significant that all the dated specimens which I 

 have seen (in the Wileman collection) were taken at the end of August. On an average this small form is weakly 

 marked, sometimes of a nearly pure white, the hindwing beneath with the characteristic Ime sometimes 

 nearly obsolete, as also the discal dots of both wings. More strongly marked specimens, however, also occur, 

 and I have seen a few in which a minute black discal dot is present on the forewing above, such as I 

 have not yet observed in first-brood pudicaria. I have only seen the form nupta from Japan and Korea 

 (Tokio, Yamato, Kiushiu, Fusan, etc.). 



nivearia. A. Iiivearia Leech (4 m). Very small, white. The lines pale ochreous grey, not very sharply defined, 



in the type $ almost obsolete; mner line of forewing very faint; median and postmedian approximated, 

 parallel with distal margin, little waved, not dentate; sometimes a weak line beyond postmedian, indicating 

 the proximal boundary of the subterminal. Both wings with some minute dark speckling at distal margin; 

 hindwing with distinct black discal dot. The under surface rather recalls that of pudicaria, the lines being 

 brown, rather well expressed, at least costally; forewing in <^ with some fuscous suffusion in anterior half 

 of basal area. Face blackish. Antennal cilia in (J little longer than the diameter of the shaft, hindtarsus 

 one-half as long as tibia. Japan, without exact locality; apparently rare. Easily distinguishable from even 

 the tiniest specimens of pudicaria {nupta) by the straighter Imes, the longer (J hindtarsus and other characters. 

 Its relation to caricaria and possible occurrence in Amurland are discussed under that species. 



nemoraria. A. nemoraria Hbn. (= aliata Heinem.) (4 k). Larger than superior, the wmgs relatively broader, other- 



wise resemblmg a very weakly marked form of that species. The lines are thin, never strong, usually only 

 two present on each wing, or the forewing in addition with an indistinct inner line. Cell-spots absent above, 

 present below. Black marginal dots mmute, usually restricted to a few at the anterior part of each wing. 

 Very easily recognized by the unusually broad wings and white face, and little variable. Local in Germany, 

 Switzerland, Hungary, Livonia, the Ural and Altai Mountains, occurring from the end of May to July. Other 

 localities (W. China, Amur and Ussuri) are given by Staudinger and may be correct; but it is possible that they 

 refer to superior. I formerly thought that the last-named might be a smaller, narrower-winged variety of 

 nemoraria, but the genitalia confirm the validity of the other differences. The early stages are apparently 

 still undescribed. My friend Mr. E. M. Dadd tells me that the egg is at first pale yellow, afterwards pink. 

 Larva when first hatched rather long and slender, pale yellowish brown, with the lateral ridge defined. They 

 were fond of curling up into half rings. Later they became relatively shorter and stouter, more recalling Pty- 

 chopoda pallidata. 3 only out of several hundred larvae produced a second generation. 



superior. A. superior Btlr. (4 m) is another clear white species with light ochreous-brown or ochreous-greyish 



markings, and as these are arranged nearly as in pudicaria and nupta a confusion with the latter might some- 



