AOIDALIA. By L. B. Prout. 69 



times be possible but for one simple and convenient distinction; the face is white, as in nemoraria, while 

 in the other allied species it is black or deep fuscous. Usually also each wing bears a deep black discal dot, 

 both above and beneath, but this is occasionally, though rarely, obsolete, at least in the forewing. Distal 

 margin with minute black dots, at least in' the anterior half of the forewing. Lines thicker than in nemoraria, 

 subterminals very rarely wanting. Forewing beneath often more or less suffused or dusted with fuscous in its 

 anterior part, variably in degree and not confined to one sex ; a dusky postmedian line or thicker shade and 

 usually two weaker, sometimes incomplete lines beyond it. Hindwing beneath white, with a single line. ^ antennal 

 ciliation not long, hindtibia greatly dilated, with thick hair-pencil, tarsus very short. Variable in size and in 

 strength of markings. — ab. saticta Btlr. is an extreme form, weakly marked and with the black terminal sancta. 

 dots entirely obsolete, the discal spots indistinct. — Japan, Korea and Palearctic China, extending westward 

 to Omei-Shan, locally common. There is probably a succession of broods, certainly two. April specimens are 

 generally larger; from July onwards smaller specimens occur. 



A. leuraria sp. nov. (3 m as sedataria). Excessively like the largest, whitest forms of superior, but with leuraria. 

 a black face. Beyond this I can point to no absolutely certain distinctions. The lines are not quite 

 so strongly dentate, but on the other hand appear more strongly angled near the costal margin of the forewing ; 

 when perfect specimens of both species are compared side by side, the colour of the lines is seen to be some- 

 what brighter ochreous in superior, but the difference is exceedingly slight ; the outer subterminal line is obsolete 

 in the type specimen (which we figure), but when present it is more continuous and more even than in 

 superior, where it tends to break up into a series of separate spots. On the underside the postmedian line is 

 not so strongly expressed as is usual in superior. The structure of the two species is quite similar and both 

 show the same range of variation in respect of the discal and marginal black dots, but their good develop- 

 ment seems to be the rule in superior, the exception in leuraria. The postmedian line is very variable in posi- 

 tion; in the tj^pe it is very near the inner subterminal, in the Gensan cotype near the median, in the third 

 example more intermediate. A very smooth, glossy species, but not quite so pure white as subpunctaria, smaller 

 and rather narrower- winged ; our figure, however, exaggerates the narrowness, as the posterior margins in the 

 original are somewhat folded over. Gensan, June 1887, J. H. Leech, type (cj) in coll. Pungeler, cotype (?) 

 in British Museum; Ichang, June 1888 ($) in British Museum. 



A. subpunctaria H.-Sch. (= punctata Scop, nee CI., = cerusaria Lah. = depunctata Gn. = nemoraria svbimnc- 

 Frr., neGHbn.) (4k). White with very fine and sparse black atoms, the lines light greyish ochreous, varying '*''^«' 

 somewhat in number and direction. Usually the three principal lines of the forewing and two of the hind- 

 wing are present, the median and postmedian both bent near costal margin of forewing, the former usually 

 more oblique than the latter, thus separating further from it towards the posterior margin. Often the proximal 

 of the outer lines is likewise present, and very occasionally the distal also. Cell-spots small and black, 

 rarely obsolete, sometimes slightly enlarged on under surface. Terminal black dots variable, strong, weak or 

 absent. Under surface of forewing in (J with strong or weaker dark dusting costally and distally, the curved 

 median and dentate postmedian lines usually present; in $ whiter, the dusting almost entirely wanting or 

 confined to the region of the subcostal vein, the median line obsolete. Hindwing in both sexes white beneath, 

 with an outer line as in pudicaria Motsch. Purer white than pudicaria, slightly broader-winged, antennal ciliation 

 in S short; hindtarsus, as in most of the group, only about one-fourth as long as tibia. Except in rare aber- 

 rations the strong black discal (and sometimes also terminal) dots further give subpunctaria a distinctive aspect. 

 — ab. exstirpata ab. nov. is entirely without markings both above and beneath, excepting the discal dots, exstirpaia. 

 which are extremely reduced in size. — • The egg is oval, with the usual transverse ribbing, yellow when 

 first laid, becoming red; probably a more exact study will show that this red colour is distributed in blotches. 

 The larva is very slender, pretty uniformly cylindrical, the head small, somewhat flattened. The dorsal line 

 is finely white on the thorax and first abdominal segment, interrupted on the next two segments, thence 

 broader, distinct, dark grey. A dark subdorsal is present on the first few and sometimes the last few segments ; 

 between it is broken up into spots which sometimes form with the dorsal a cross-shaped pattern. The lateral 

 ridge is sharp and white. The pupa is light brown or greenish brown, the wing-cases yellower. The perfect 

 insect appears in June and July and is very local, occurring at Bilbao, some localities of S. W. France, N. Italy, 

 the Alps, Lower Austria, the Ural and Armenia and again in Eastern Asia from Amurland to Korea. There 

 may be some degree of local variation, and I believe one or two distinct, but closely related species are still 

 confused with it in the Amur region, but these must await good material for their elucidation. Specimens 

 from the Ural seem to be on an average smaller, but otherwise quite similar. 



A. dignata 6uen. is closely related to the preceding species and has been regarded as a variety of it. dignata. 

 But according to a specimen which has been kindly lent to me by Herr Pungeler, and which agrees perfectly 

 with Guenee's description, it is certainly a good species. Size and shape of subpunctaria, antennal ciliation 



