Publ. 16. VL 1913. COSYMBIA. By L. B. Prout. 145 



colour or darker yellow, dark-dotted, the wing-cases somewhat darkened, the anal extremity reddish. Inhabits 

 the Rheingau, the first brood from the middle of April to the beginning of May, the second from about the 

 12"' July till near the end of August. 



C. annulata Schidze (= annularia F. = omicronaria Schiff. = cii'culifera Geof. = denticulata Thnh.) ammlata. 

 (4o). Nearest to albiocellaria but very easily distinguished. Distal margin of forewing somewhat more 

 regularly shaped (in the two preceding species more prominent about the 3'''^ radial), ground-colour lighter, 

 without reddish admixture, median area (except in very rare aberrations) without black dusting, excepting 

 between the median and postmedian lines, hence forming a more definite band; ocelli less pure white, almost 

 concolorous with ground-colour, rather irregular in shape, occasionally obsolete; dark subterminal shade 

 usually better developed; proximal half of fringes not darkened. In general not very variable, though in 

 some examples the space between the median and postmedian lines is entirely filled up with blackish scales, 

 forming an unbroken band, which is sometimes broadened, especially in Dover specimens; all transitions occurs 

 between these and the form figured, in which the dusting is quite slight. The most noteworthy aberrations 

 are two which have hitherto only been recorded from Devonshire, England; the former of them, at least, is 

 recurrent, though not supplanting the type; the latter is a more extreme and very rare development from it 

 It is interesting to observe that the disappearance of the ocelli in these forms follows the reverse order to 

 that noticed above in connection with pendularia ab. depulsa, where it is that of the hind-wing which is 

 first affected. — ab. obsoleta Biding lacks the ocellated spot of the forewing. In reality, it is only the black ohsohta. 

 ring which is entirely obsolete and the position which it would have occupied is still indicated by a few 

 pale scales, observable with a lens. — In ab. biobsoleta Riding the ocellus of the hindwing is also wanting, biobsoleta. 

 although again some pale scales indicate its position. — aestiva form. nov. (gen. aest.) is smaller than the «^«^'^'«- 

 type, of a deeper, more ochreous colour and with an increase of dark dusting over the entire surface, although 

 as this is grey, not black, and is very minute it does not produce a very striking effect. — Larva usually 

 green with clear yellow dorsal and subdorsal lines; ventral surface much paler green, black at the segmental 

 incisions; head moderately large, often brown, even in this green form of the -larva. Dimorphic like its 

 congeners but — at least in ray experience — the brown form is relatively much scarcer than in most of 

 them. Feeds on maple and sycamore. Pupa very similar to that of pendularia, the dark dorsal line of the 

 wings not quite so deeply coloured as in that species, yet very distinct; in the only empty pupa-case which 

 I possess there is also a large conspicuous dark discal spot on the wing-case, which is lacking in all the 

 other British species; I have no note whether this was equally conspicuous in the living pupa nor whether 

 it is constant, but I suspect that this will prove to be so. Double-brooded; the moths of the first generation 

 appear rather earlier in the spring than most of their congeners, and the second brood has been bred as 

 early as 30"' June (Riding), 3"* July (!' Admiral), etc.; but the later part of July and the month of August 

 are probably the normal times for the second brood. Hormuzaki records having captured a third-brood specimen 

 at the end of October. Distributed through Central and parts of Southern Europe, also occurring in the Brussa 

 district and Armenia. 



C. puppillaria Hhn. (= porata Wrnhg. nee L.) (4o). It is not impossible that HIjbner in naming puppillaria. 

 this species was really misidentifying i]iQ pupillaria of Brahm {^pendularia); but as Brahm's work is good, 

 it is not probable that such a mistake could have occurred and in any case Hijbner nowhere cites Brahm's 

 name to the present species. I therefore regard it as an independent creation and as there is a slight 

 difference in the spelling (though it was later changed to pupillaria) it escapes the operation of the laws 

 which disallow homonymy. An exceedingly variable species, but nearly always easily recognized, even apart; 

 from the structure, by the peculiar reddish or reddish-orange shades of colour. The red of porata (when 

 strongly developed) and of quercimontaria is of a different shade and never forms the essential ground-colour. 

 Palpus appreciably longer than in the rest of the genus. Forewing with apex acute and minutely produceds 

 hindwing slightly variable in shape, distal margin often almost rounded, the elbow at the 3'''' radial alway, 

 quite slight, on an average slighter than in the punctaria-gmnp. The type form is of the relatively pale 

 colour shown in our figure, the discal spots rarely so strong, the lines (as there indicated) nearly obsolete, 

 consisting of minute dark vein-dots; no median shade. — ab. badiaria Stgr. (4o) is of a much deeper brown- badiaria. 

 red colour with the lines almost obliterated, the only distinct markings being the ocellated spots. Staudinger 

 records it from Catalonia and Central Italy; my examples are from the Island of Capri. — ab. gyrata Hbn. gyrata. 

 (4o) is a much more strongly marked form, sometimes, indeed, quite striking; unfortunately we had not one 

 of the best-marked examples available for figuring. In this form the dark median shade is always present, 

 and the lines of dots are usually enlarged. The ground-colour varies considerably in these strongly-marked 

 forms and I have seen one or two in which it might be called orange rather than red. Abdomen often with 

 distinct red dorsal spots. Appears chiefly characteristic of southern localities — S. France, Spain, Algeria, 

 etc. — ab. nolaria Hbn. (4o) has also the two lines of dots strongly developed, but differs from ab. gyrata nolaria. 



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