146 " COSYMBIA. By L. B. Prout. 



in the absence of the dark median shade. — These four names, if applied with a little latitude, cover 

 sufficiently the general range of variation, and it is quite unnecessary to add to them. There are some 

 intermediates both in colour and in strength of markings, the median shade, when present, varies in width 

 and in distinctness, the ocelli vary much in size and are occasionally blind, being filled up with the same 

 dark reddish shade which normally forms their circumscription; occasionally even (though very rarely) they 

 are absent, such specimens being entirely unicolorous. The egg is elongate-oval, broader at the micropylar 

 end than at its nadir; the sculpturing appears to be similar to that of the species already described, the 

 ribbing perhaps strongest on the shoulder surrounding the micropyle; pale yellowish, changing in a few days 

 to bright orange and a day or two later becoming strongly spotted with crimson. The larva feeds not only 

 on trees but also on various shrubs and perhaps low plants; Milliere mentions oak, Cistus, Myrtus, Phillyrea 

 and Arbutus as foodplants. Head as broad as prothorax, yellowish, on the vertex red, body usually green, 

 but very variable (more yellowish, brown or reddish); lines yellow, according to Milliere only a narrow 

 subdorsal developed, but his figure shows a broad yellow lateral stripe; incisions yellowish; legs and anal 

 flap red. Pupa dark green with some light lines dorsally and on the wing-margin; anterior points and anal 

 extremity slightly vinous; under a lens the surface appears pale green sprinkled with white or black. The 

 first brood of the moth, in warm localities, appears as early as March, and it may be met with, according 

 to locality, throughout the summer. It is distributed in S. Europe, N. Africa, Asia Minor, Syria and Armenia; 

 also found in Switzerland and S. Tyrol and Baker records it from Madeira. 



calaritana. C. calaritana Trti. [lo], a recently described species from Sardinia, is unknown to me, but certainly closely 



related to the preceding. It must, however, be a valid species, for the cf antennal pectinations, according to 

 its author, are twice as long. Larger than 2)uppi/lana, the ocelli conspicuously more broadly white, the 

 ground-colour darker (chestnut or cinnamon red); otherwise quite similar and with similar range of variation. 

 8 specimens collected by Krijger at the end of March, Bosco del 7 Fratelli, province of Cagliari. 



porata. C. porata L. (= punctaria Schiff. nee L. = ocellaria Haio. nee Hhn. =■ circularia Wrnbg. nee F.) 



(4 o). This well-known species was first described by Linne, but the description — if it is really referable 

 to the porata of modern authors — is not so good as most of Linne's and has given rise to much uncertainty. 

 Werneburg conjectured that it applied to piqjpiUariu, and even Zeller, Guenee and Staudinger, who continued 

 to use the name for the present species, attributed it to Fabricius and others rather than to Linne. Guenee 

 stated that the type was lost. Possibly it was never acquired by Linne; but there is in his collection a 

 small, rather blotched specimen labelled poraia which I formerly supposed to be the type and Avhich certainly 

 belongs here. As Linne calls his porata "'media'- not "minor", the authenticity of this example may need 

 further investigation, though even as a "cotype" it would have some value in elucidating his conception. In 

 any case Fabricius' determination was the oldest, and cannot at present be proved erroneous, porata is 

 similar to punctaria and still more to the more strongly dark-dusted allies of punctaria — ruficiliaria and 

 quercimontaria, but can be separated by the presence of a distinct white, dark-ringed ocellus on each 

 wing, which is wanting or quite ill-developed in thai group. Pale greyish ochreous, coarsely dotted or 

 strigulated with grey, a strong red suffusion in the middle or over the greater part of the wings ; lines formed 

 by grey dots on the veins, or the antemedian sometimes continuous; median shade usually rather thick, not 

 very sharply defined, less regularly curved than in the punctaria-gTon^) and often appearing more or less 

 dentate on its distal edge; distal area of the forewing usually with some grey blotches, such as occur only 

 in the second brood forms ol 2mnctaria, that is to say, not confined to the vicinity of the posterior angle; 

 at the same time, the tendency for these blotches to extend in the second generation, and even to appear 

 on the hindwing, so manifest in punctaria, is not wholly absent in porata. The red suffusion is generally 

 stronger than in punctaria but less extended than in quercimontaria. ])orata is decidedly variable but (as in 

 pendularia) the aberration's are not sharply defined. We quote all which have received names. — ab. 

 visperaria. visperaria Fuchs (= aestiva Hormuz). Occurs among second-brood specimens which differ from the first 

 generation only in size. Paler, with less of the dark dusting and less di.^^tinct lines, the underside whitish; 

 rubearia. distal blotches often better developed. Bheingan, Bucovina, etc. — ab rubearia Lambill. is diagnosed simply as 

 having the "disc of the forewing reddish" and is therefore in reality nearly synonymous with the typical 

 forms, although probably intended to indicate a definite accentuation of the reddish colouring; as Barrett 

 says, "Occasional specimens have the fore wings so much suffused with dull red as almost to obscure the 



pmwtularia. markings". — ab. punctularia Lambill. has a well developed series of brown (grey-brown) distal spots on 



both wings. Extreme specimens of this form, with these spots very large and reaching the distal margin, 



present a rather striking appearance; in the type form the spots are weak, small and subterminal. — ab. 



linearia. linearia Lambill. has the median shade unusually strongly developed, but is scarcely worth naming. — ab. 



marginaria. marginaria Lambill. is described as having a brown macular band at the distal margin of the hindwing and 

 must be, if the description is accurate, a very unusual form. Normally the distal blotches are best developed 



