150 COSYMBIA. By L. B. Prout. 



Fiichs has both wings finely and densely dusted with black as far as the median shade, more densely in the 

 median area than in the basal, the white discal spot showing up distinctly. Described from Germany. 



. fasciaia. Barrett's pi. 327 fig. 1 c shows a close approach to this form. — ab. fasciata Prout has the dark dusting 



placed between the median shade and the postmedian, resulting in a striking banded form parallel to punctaria 



infuscata. ab. piilcherrimata. Described from England. — ab. infuscata ab. nov. is a still more remarkable form in the 



Sydney Webb collection at Dover, with the entire surface of both wings strongly infuscated, nearly obliterating 



the lines but rendering the white discal spots conspicuous. It is figured and described by Barrett (pi. 327, 



demptaria. fig. 1 e). — ab. demptaria ab. nov., named for the sake of uniformity with the parallel aberration oi punctaria 

 is a nearly unicolorous ochreous form with all the lines entirely obsolete. This is also figured by Barrett 

 approxi- ^\ 327^ fig. j a) and two British examples mentioned. — ab. approxima"ns ab. nov. (Barrett, pi. 327, fig. 1 d) 

 is also remarkable, the median shade on both wings being placed close to the antemedian; in the specimen 

 figured the postmedian is reduced to a series of dots. — Several other interesting but less striking aberrations 

 ■ are of occasional occurrence, as for instance examples parallel to punctaria ab. cingulata, but it does not 

 seem necessary to designate them separately. Egg elongate-oval, with fine hexagonal or rather irregularly 

 polygonal ribbing; pale yellow, becoming marked with red. Larva dimorphic, green or brown, the latter the 

 commoner form; very similar to that oi punctaria, I have no opportunity of working out a differentiation. 

 Feeds on beech and oak; Heinemann adds Vaccinium, for which I cannot trace the authority, while Vogel 

 says "on Rhamnus frangula" (!). Pupa similar to that of pendularia, the dorsal dots perhaps larger, not 

 extremely conspicuous, wing-veins distinct. Double brooded. Central Europe, Southern Scandinavia, N. Italy, 

 S. Russia, Armenia. 



inaderemis. C. maderensis Baker (5 c). An exceedingly variable species, but easily distinguishable from all the 



preceding by its narrower wings, the forewing sharply pointed, with distal margin straight, rather strongly 

 oblique. Ochreous, nearly always more or less dusted with purple scales, and with a very slight admixture 

 of fuscous ones; discal dots white, variable in size, often minute, but always distinct, dark-ringed; antemedian 

 and postmedian indicated by dots on the veins, which are sometimes connected into lines; median shade 

 nearly always indicated but in varying breadth and intensity, crossing or placed distally to the discal dot on 

 the hindwing; distal margin with black dots or short dashes between the veins. Under surface also variable, 

 to some extent correlated with the upper, on an average rather lighter with sharply expressed median and 

 postmedian lines; no antemedian; proximal part of forewing more or less sufl'used with greyish. Possibly the 

 races from the three groups of Atlantic islands to which, so far as is known, the species is confined, will 

 prove to be distinguishable in spite of the great variability of each. As the name indicates, it was originally 

 described from Madeira. I have not seen many from the Canaries, where Rebel thinks it is somewhat less 

 variable, more reddish, antemedian dots generally absent, etc., but the few before me do not confirm his 

 opinion. On the other hand a series of 13 from the Azores suggests the possibility that here it is slightly 

 smaller, slightly broader-winged, the rows of dots nearly always developed into lines. Baker's type (here 

 figured) is the form in which the ochreous ground-colour is only quite moderately dusted with reddish purple, 

 yet sufficiently to produce a deeper, more red-ochreous tone than in the ab. irrufata Wan: All the markings 

 are present, but rather indistinct, especially the antemedian; both the lines marked only by dots. The name 

 should be used to include all the forms with the markings thus indicated or the antemedian absent, even if 



wollastoni. moderately strongly dusted with purple. Only the extreme forms need special names. — ab. wollastoni Baker 

 '(5f) was described from Madeira as a separate species and placed in the genus Acidalia; the antennae (except 

 their extreme base) being broken olT and the leg structure and venation overlooked, Mr. Baicer failed to 

 recognize his maderensis in this beautiful form, in which the purple scales have covered the entire surface of 

 the wings and the dark lines are obsolete, as also the dark circumscription of the discal dots. In the type 

 specimen the pale yellowish line which nearly always follows the postmedian (though in normal forms 

 little noticeable) becomes distinct. But in a second cf, collected by Lord Walsinguam at Tacaronte, Tenerifle, 

 3P' May 1907, this yellow line also has disappeared, though on the other htuid the lines and median shade 

 are still very faintly discernible. It should be added that the names maderenm and wollastoni were published 

 simultaneously, the latter one page earlier than the former. I have — with the consent of the author — 

 claimed the right given to the first reviser by the International Rules of Nomenclature, to select either of the 

 simultaneously-published names, and have naturally preferred the one which designates the more normal form. 

 irrufata. The very rare ab. u-oUastoni is parallel to pendularia. ab. decoraria. — ab. irrufata Warr., also described from 

 Madeira, denotes the opposite extreme, the ground-colour being clear ochreous, entirely without purple dusting. 

 trilineata. — ab. trillneata ab. nov. has the dots connected into lines, the antemedian on the forewing acutely angled. 

 Perhaps a local race in the Azores. Rebel describes an ochreous ? of it as an aberration from the Canaries, 

 and Lord Walsingham has bred a beautiful purplish cf froui La Laguna, Tenerilfe, 6"' June 1907. — ab. 



latefasciata. latefasciata ab. nov. is another beautiful and striking foruL Clear ochreous, antemedian line very faint 

 postmedian wanting, median shade purple, widened into a conspicuous band. Tacaronte, 3P' May 1907; 

 (Walsingham). — Larva green with brightly variegated lateral patches. Wolla.ston found in on "Hudson's oak", 

 Lord Walsingham (on Teneriffe) on Erica arborea. Imago May to August, no doubt double-brooded. 



