PHILEREME. By L. B. Prout. 205 



vetustata Stgr., from the Ussnri district, has the distal margin of the hindwing less dentate and Ihe discal vetusUtta. 

 dots of both wings almost wanting. — The larva hatches in the spi'ing and feeds up i-apidly in May-early 

 June; it is stoul and rough-skinned, the segments strongly marked, the colour mostly black at first, latter 

 blue-grey with fine whitish dorsal lines and yellow lateral stripe, the head black. On IShamnus catharticus, 

 in spun-up leaves. Pupa rather slender and smooth, shining light reddish; in a slight cocoon on the ground 

 or in the old larval habitation. Imago in the latter part of June and in July. 



Ph. corrugata Btlr. (8b) is closely related to vetulata and has the cf abdomen similarly built. Rather corrugata. 

 smaller and narrower-winged, ground-colour very much paler (light straw-colour, the cf more whitish than 

 the ?), the principal lines somewhat dark-marked costally, rather straighter after the subcostal angulation, the 

 enclosed median area rather narrow. Discal dots obsolete. As in vetulata vetustata, the distal margin of the 

 hindwing is not deeply dentate. Japan: Yesso, Hakodate, etc. 



Ph. bipunctularia Leech (11 i). Whitish brown with the dark wavy lines distinct; but chiefly distinguished bipuncfu- 

 by the presence on the forewing of two conspicuous quadrate costal spots marking the boundaries of the torwj. 

 median area; the antemedian and postmedian lines sometimes rather more conspicuous than the rest. Under 

 surface more weakly marked, the antemedian costal spot wanting. Central and Western China, July and 

 August. 



Ph. neglectata Stgr., described from one ? only, is said to be near vetulata but with the forewing more negledata. 

 acute, the hindwing much more weakly dentate. Ground-colour dirty grey without any admixture of brown; 

 apical part of the distal margin of the forewing broadly blackish-grey, median area with its distal edge more 

 strongly waved, somewhat outcurved in the middle and followed by 3 distinct, waved lines; hindwing basally 

 and costally almost without mai-kings. Underside of both wings more weakly marked than in vetulata, distally 

 without markings, postmedian half-line of forewing much more strongly curved outwards. Achalzik, Transcaspia. 



Ph. senescens Stgr. is said to belong undoubtedly to this genus by structure, but to resemble so senescens. 

 nearly light niontivagata or cervinalis that it might even have been confused with them. Size of transversata. 

 Light brown-grey, almost entirely covered with waved or dentate darker lines, forewing with sharply marked 

 small dark discal lunule, median area broad, somewhat dark-shaded distally, the dark lines which traverse 

 weak ; proximal area with 4 closely approximated, weakly waved lines, bent or angled subcostally ; antemedian 

 (double) line rather straight, postmedian distinctly undulate and with a strong outward projection in the middle; 

 all the lines somewhat darkened costally. Hindwing almost more deeply dentate than in transversata, discal 

 dot and a line on each side of it inconspicuous, postmedian line distinct, strongly curved, slightly dentate, 

 distaUy to it 2 further hnes. Underside light clay yellow, both wings with distinct discal mark and (at least 

 on the forewing ) postmedian line and darkened distal margin. N. Persia, Armenia and N. W. Kurdistan. Can- 

 not possibly be confomided with the darker transversata, with its quite differently shaped lines ; from Calocalpe 

 montivagata and cervinalis it also differs in its much lighter colour, the form of the median area and the light, 

 dark-bordered under surface. 



Ph. umbraria Leec/j (llh). Rather larger than rhamnata, palpus rather longer, anal tuft less enormously umbraria. 

 developed. The median band, connected with the strong apical streak, rather recalls Horisme ritalbata. Japan: 

 Nagahoma in July; Gifu. 



Ph. transversata Hufn. ( =: rhamnata Schiff) (8 b). Variable in colour but generally very constant in i.,.gnsver- 

 markings, forewing with all the lines sharply angulated near the costa, the postmedian with an unusually long, sata. 

 double projection at the P' radial. The ground-colour is bright ochreous brown or dark brown, the lines 

 darker, the median band sometimes almost dissolved into lines but oftener more or less solid, at times quite 

 blackish. — ab. hastedonensis Lamhill. is a melanotic form in which the brown ground-colour of the type hastedonen- 

 form is in a large measure replaced by blackish. Described from Belgium, but occurs also near London. — sis. 

 The egg hibernates. The larva hatches as soon as the foodplant (Rhamnus catharticus) is coming into leaf 

 and feeds up remarkably fast, being often full fed by the middle of May. In my experience it always feeds 

 exposed and I have often found it sitting on twigs or branches ; but some writers say it draws leaves together. 

 It is stout, with well-marked segments; the commonest form is bright, rich green, with yellow lateral line and 

 with purple markings on the last 3 segments, but purple-brown varieties also occur. Pupa much less glossy 

 than that of vetulata and much darker in colour, dark red-brown with the wing-cases and anal end somewhat 

 darker still, transversata is on the wing at the end of June and in July. It inhabits the greater part of 

 Europe and also Asia Minor to N. Pei'sia. — japanaria Leech is lighter, with the median area ot the forewing japanaria. 

 not or not appreciably darkened. Oiwake, Japan. 



