214 



GANDARITIS; CIDARIA. By L. B. Prout. 



58. Genus: Ganclaritis Mo 



ore. 



Face more or less tufled. Palpus rather long, 2"'' joint stout, shortly rough-scaled, 3"^ joint exposed, 

 smooth, of moderate length. Antenna simple Hindtibia with all spurs. Wings rather narrow, but the hind- 

 wing with costal margin arched nearly as in Photoscotosia. Forewing with areole double. Hindwing with cell 

 very short, costal anastomosing rather shortly, discocellulars not biangulate, but very oblique, 2 ""* radial arising 

 from or from somewhat above the middle. 



Early stages unknown. 



A very small Asiatic genus (N. India to Japan) consisting, as here restricted, of only 2 or 3 species, 

 which are evidently closely related notwithstanding the absence of the secondary sexual modifications in fixseni. 

 Differs from Lijfjris sections C and D in the discocellulars of the hindwing, from Eustromn in shape and habitus, 

 in the secondary sexual characters of the cf and usually in the form of the palpus. 



A. cf with 2"^ median and submedian fold of forewing curved towards one another, 

 a small hair-fringed scar at their point of approach, provided with sharp spines and 

 followed by a shallow scaleless depression (fovea). 



flavata. Q. flavata Moore is the type of the genus; the cf is sufficiently distinguished by the sexual characters, 



but both sexes may further be known by the distinctly double subbasal, antemedian and postmedian lines of 

 the forewing, the indentations in the antemedian and usually by the deeper colour and stronger grey clouding. 

 The typical form, from Bengal, is comparatively weakly marked, the hindwing yellow with ferruginous post- 

 sinicaria. median line and distal margin. I do not know whether it reaches the Palearctic Region. — sinicaria Leech 

 (= reduplicata Warr.) (lie), which seems to be distributed throughout China, has the basal two-thirds of the 

 hindwing white (or in the form from N. China, which we figure, partly while and partly pale yellow) and bears 

 3 blackish bands between discal dot and distal margin, the second strongly dentate, the third diifuse, some- 

 times reaching nearly to the margin, sometimes broken up into spots. 



B. cT fo rewing wi thou t secondary sexual modifications. 



fixseni. G. fixseni Brem. (8f). Nearest to the sinicaria from of flamta but without any white in the hindwing, 



the bands much narrower, Ihe second almost or quite broken up into triangular spots, the third well defined, 

 composed of larger spots. Third joint of palpus rather longer. Variable in depth of colour, width of bands 

 and in the amount of the dark clouding. ? clearer yellow, rarely very strongly dark-clouded. Amurland, 

 magnifica. ? Korea. — magtiifica suhsp. nov. (8f), from .Japan, is a much larger race which I at first believed to be a 

 distinct species showing greater affinity with flavata. But on examination of the structure and of a longer 

 series, I now consider it to be merely a form of fixseni. Excepting the size I can point to no constant 

 distinction, both forms being so variable; but although in some Japanese localities examples occur which are 

 not so large as those iiere figured, I have never seen any so small as the typical, Amurland form. 



59. Genus: Cidai'ia Tr. 



Face more or less prominent, generally rough-scaled or with projecting cone of scales, palpus moderate 

 or longish, rough-scaled, wings normally shaped, without secondary sexual modifications, the costal vein of 

 the hindwing anastomosing strongly with the cell. An areole is always present, oftenest double but sometimes 

 simple; the discocellulars vary greatly in form; tongue and frenulum are always developed; abdomen never 

 crested beyond the first few segments. 



It will be observed that the above characters are nearly all, in a sense, negative, in other words, that 

 Lederer left in Cidaria all the species which did not show some abnormal character in shape, neuration, 

 leg-structure, etc. Guenee's subdivisions were too unscientifically grounded to need consideration, but Meyrick 

 found some useful characters in the face, the areole and the cf antenna and Hampson in the form of the 

 discocellulars, while Turner, by combining the work of these two systematists, reached the best results which 

 have yet been arrived at on imaginal characters alone. It must be admitted, however, that the antennal 

 distinctions, besides being apphcable to one sex only, do not always give entii'ely natural groupings. In Ihe 

 following synopses they may be assumed to be simple unless the contrary is indicated. 



The eggs are generally of a very simple form, ovate, moderately smooth, with slight hexagonal or 

 polygonal reticulation. The larvae show, at least as clearly as the moths, how unnatural the genus is. They 



