CIDARIA. By L, B. Prout. 221 



C. cinereata Moore (7 k) is as glossy as Ihe preceding species and has the median area almost as cinereata. 

 broad, but I to not think it can be a form of it. The postmedian line of the forewing is incurved behind 

 the 2"'' median vein, and a very characteristic marking stands on the hindmargin, namely a long, erect dark 

 fuscous spot reaching from close to Ihe anal angle almost or quite to the 2"'' median. Hindwing dirty whitish, 

 almost unmarked. Hindwing beneatli with discal dot, but the postmedian line almost obsolete, appaj-ently less 

 angulated than in planifasciata. In the name-type the median area is white, dusted with grey from the costal 

 half-band to the posterior margin. — In ab. flavifusa Wair. the median area (except the blackish costal half- flavifvsa. 

 band) is yellowish. — cinereata belongs chiefly to Bengal and Sikkim, but has also occurred at Mou-pin, on 

 the confines of the Palearctic Region. 



C. volutata (Piing. M. S.) sp. 7iov. comes still closer to broad-banded truiicata, the forewing being without volutata. 

 gloss and having the median area densely irroi-ated with dark scales. The forewing is rather rounded; the 

 pale ground-colour shows a slight tinge of yellowish which, blending with the dark grey scales, gives to the 

 wing a somewhat olivaceous tone, a little recalling truncata from the high North; brown bands obsolete; basal 

 area rather well defined, its edge not angulated on the folds; a narrow, slightly darkened band occupies the 

 proximal part of the median area, as in some citrata, and touches a dark (on both sides white-edged) spot 

 nearer the base on the inner margin; the lines which bound the narrow band are dentate, but are not angled; 

 postmedian line nearly as in the least dentate, most rounded-lobed truncata, or as in cinereata; subterminal 

 line not interrupted, not sharply dentate anteriorly; discal dot slightly elongate but not thickened. Uindwing 

 white. Under surface nearly as in truncata, postmedian hne of hindwing without deep indentation on the radial 

 fold. Koko-Nor, type (cf) in coll. Pungeler. Figured in Iris vol. 21, pi. 4, fig. 18 as Hruncata var. ?" 



C. truncata Hufn. (= saturata Steph.) (8 k). Very variable, especially in the median area of the fore- truncata. 

 wing, but generally recognizable by the blurred basal area, large discal dot, the teeth in the postmedian line 

 near the costa, absence of very long or very acute projections in this line before and behind the S'^ radial, 

 uninterrupted (or almost uninterrupted) white subterminal line and the grey (not white) hindwing, often with 

 indications of white subterminal spots. On the underside of the hindwing the dark postmedian line is usually 

 well expressed, more or less dentate (or at least indented before the 2"'^ radial) and rounded or only bluntly 

 angled at the 3'''' radial. In the name-type the median area is dusted with grey. — ab. centutnnotata Schulze notata. 

 (8 k) has the central part of the median area white, free from grey dusting. — ab. perfuscata Haw. (? =^ russata perfuscata. 

 Schiff.) (8 k) has the median area black. — In ab. rufescens Strom (= commanotata Haiv., mediorufaria rufescens. 

 Fuchs, ochreata Schille) the same area is reddish or tawny. — ab. nigerrimata M«c/is is an almost unicolorous wi^errmate. 

 black or dark grey form. I suspect schneideri Sandb., said to constitute a local race in some parts of Polar 

 Norway, is the same form, or very similar; in this case Sandberg's name should have priority. — Space 

 forbids entering into full details of the variation of this species and citrata; I have dealt with them very 

 thoroughly in Trans. City Lond. Ent. Soc. vol. 18, pp. 33 — 60. Larva rather elongate, roughly cyhndrical, 

 smooth, with anal points well developed ; green with indistinct paler subdorsal line, often also with red lateral 

 line and red anal points. Polyphagous, though perhaps sallow and some of the Rosaceae may be mentioned 

 as favourite foodplants. Except in the northernmost parts of its range it is regularly double-brooded, one brood 

 hibernating, the other feeding up rather rapidly in June— July or early August. Pupa iu a slight cocoon among 

 leaves; rather slender, uniform pale green at first, the wings soon becoming light brownish; cremaster reddish. 

 The moth appears after 2 or 3 weeks and is abundant in May — June and again in August — September. Central 

 and Northern Europe and eastward to the Ural. Other records belong to citrata or need confirmation. In the 

 extreme north of Europe also it generally gives place to citrata. 



C. concinnata Steph. (= boreata Curt, consolidata Gregs.) (8 k). This very interesting insect has been concinnata. 

 proved by the cT genitalia to be a good species. The spines " on the aedeagus are intermediate in their 

 development between those of truncata and citrata, or rather nearer to the latter. Generally easy to recognize 

 by the mixture of white and fuscous in the central area, arranged in very irregular spots, patches or broken 

 bands; the discal dot is large, as in truncata, the postmedian line projects almost or quite as sharply as in 

 citrata, but the hindwing is at least as dark as in truncata, sometimes darker, and shows a very conspicuous 

 row of white subterminal spots. The postmedian Une on the hindwing beneath makes two deep angles base- 

 ward, one near the costa, the other before the 2"'' radial; the outward angle on the 3'''^ radial is sometimes 

 nearly as pronounced as in some forms of citrata. Variable. Flies only among heather on high-lying ground, 

 chiefly in the 'Island of Arran, though one or two examples have been recorded from the Western Mainland 

 of Scotland; July and part of August. 



C. citrata L. is far more variable even than truncata. It is generally distinguishable, to the practised citrata. 

 eye, by its slightly narrower, more pointed forewing, resulting in a slightly different resling-posture which 

 rather recalls that of a Deltoid moth. The reddish subbasal and outer bands are usually much more sharply 



