CIDARIA. By L B. Prout. 223 



full-fed about May. Pupa glossy brown, with paler incisions; in a slight cocoon among moss or on the ground. 

 The moth tlies in July and August and inhabits damp places in Northern Europe, Siberia and the north of 

 North America; further south (as from Switzerland to Austro-Hungary) it seems to occur chiefly, if not exclu- 

 sively, in the mountains. 



C. hortensiaria Graes. (:= hortulanaria Graea. nee Stgr) (8 1, as dimidiaria) has the proximal edge of hortensia- 

 the median band straight, while in munitata it is almost invariably more or less curved; the band itself traversed '"'"• 

 by dark lines, the distal area and the hindwing usually more darkened. Japan and the Ussuri district. 



C. inconsiderata Stgr. The wings in the cf are rather narrow for a Xanthorhoe and the abdomen long inconside- 

 and slender; the ? is more normally shaped. Rather larger than fluctuata. Wings light white-grey (dirty white), '''"'"• 

 the markings of the forewing brown-grey with an olivaceous tinge; basal patch not sharply defined distally, 

 median band twice as broad anteriorly as posteriorly, enclosing around the dark cell-dot an ill-defined paler 

 patch which sometimes reaches the costal margin, the band being then forked; distal area weakly marked, 

 much as in fluctuata, but with the costal spot weaker, grey, distal margin with pairs of black dots; fringe 

 white, very weakly chequered. Hindwing whitish, with traces of dark postmedian line or band and sometimes 

 with rather broad dark distal band. Underside of forewing white-grey, of hindwing whitish; dark postmedian 

 line or band and distal band indicated. cT antennal pectinations shorter than in salicafa. A ? before me has 

 the markings of the forewing darker, the basal area well defined, the hindwing mostly grey, though traversed 

 by ill-defined white lines, only the divided postmedian band conspicuously white. Amasia. 



C. fluctuata L. (=^ fibulata Hufn., cinerata Geoff.) (9 a). Antennal structure in the cf intermediate towards fluctuata. 

 that of section B, the pectinations being short and strongly ciliated, while each joint bears also a shorter 

 process from which grows a fascicle of cilia. One of our best-known European Larentiids and generally easy 

 to recognize, in spite of its variability. In the typical form the ground-colour is dirty whitish and the median 

 band is almost or altogether obsolete in its posterior half. — ab. ochreata Prout (^ ochracea Culot) h&s the ochreata. 

 ground-colour ochreous. — In ab. neapolisata Mill, the ground-colour is much darkened with brown-grey. — neapolisala. 

 ab. costovata Haw. (= rimata Now., semifasciata Hiiene) has the median band much narrowed and somewhat eostovata. 

 shortened, deleta Ckll. is merely a rather extreme development of this and need not be separated. — ab. 

 itntnaculata Ttitt is a much rarer aberration with the median band entii'ely wanting. — ab. abstersata H.-Scli.immaculata. 

 (= incanata Reuter, fasciata Tictt) shows the opposite extreme of development of the band, which is here abstersata. 

 darkened completely across the wing; distal area also sometimes darkened. — thules Prout is a dark race thules. 

 from the Shetland Islands. The less extreme forms intergrade into abr neapolisata, but the name strictly applies 

 to specimens in which both the fore- and the hindwing are entirely infuscated so that the markings are 

 almost obliterated. — sempionaria Batzer is a small race from the Simplon, of a rather purer white than the sempiona- 

 type and with the median half-band rather small but rather sharply marked. — Larva moderately stout, ^''"" 



tapering anteriorly; variable in colour, usually brown, sometimes green; ventral surface paler; dorsum with a 

 row of pale spots which become larger and connected on the last few segments; in each spot a blackish or 

 reddish dot, becoming on the anal segments a continuous line. On various Cruciferae. Pupa glossy yellowish 

 brown with the segment-incisions yellower. The hibernating habit is somewhat variable; often, like ocellata, 

 the larva passes the winter unchanged in the pupal cocoon. The moth is double- or triple-brooded; it is 

 abundant in the greater part of Europe and is also found in N. Africa, Asia Minor, Syria and the mountains 

 of Central Asia. 



C. acutangulata Chr. (= putridaria part. H.-Sch.). This species has been erroneously sunk to the acutangu- 

 preceding. According to Petersen (Lep. Estl. p. 126) the cf genitalia are quite different. The ground-colour ^'*''*- 

 is nearly or quite white, the basal patch darkest at its distal edge, the median band complete, commonly with 

 a more acute angle distally than in fluctuata, somewhat variable in width but not greatly attenuated posteriorly 

 sometimes anteriorly darkened, sometimes enclosing a white patch at its costal end; distal area very weakly 

 marked. Hindwing little darkened distally. Underside dark as far as the postmedian line, pale beyond. Trans- 

 caucasia, N. Persia and Transcaspia. Recalls pale specimens of fossaria Tayl. from N. America. 



C. disjunctaria Lah. (7 f ). Closely related to fluctuata, the cf antennal pectinations slightly better deYe-disjunctaria. 

 loped. Median band variable in width, but with its posterior part wider in proportion than in the banded 



forms of fluctuata. Sicily and Algeria. — oxybiata Mill, has the hindwing dark with sharply defined white oxyUaia. 

 band, which is also well expressed on both wings beneath. Cannes, 3 broods in the year. May, July and 



October. Also recorded from Herzegovina and Morea. — scoriaria Trti. from lava-soil in Sicily, is rather scoriaria. 

 small, rather dark-marked; in particular the distal area of both wings (sometimes even the whole hindwing) 



shows a good deal of darkening. In some examples there is a decided rust-coloured suffusion along the fold ., . .• 



of the forewing. — iberaria Rhr. (= griphodeata Rbr) is a darker, more greyish race from Spain. — pseudo- ^gg^^flQ. 



galiata Stgr. is rather larger, with the median band more brownish. Jerusalem and the Jordan Valley. galiala. 



