CIDARIA. By L. B. Prout. 227 



slightly tapering anteriorly; variable in colour, usually grey-brown, a dark dorsal line on the thorax and the 

 last few segments of the abdomen, the intermediate segments with pale dorsal lozenges, each containing a 

 distinct black mark. Polyphagous on low plants. Pupa glossy red-brown with the wing-cases somewhat darker. 

 Double-brooded; the first generation flies in May and .June, sometimes already in April, the second in 

 July — August. Generally common, but less so in some parts of Europe than the following and showing a 

 preference for drier places. 



C. ferrugata CI. {= corculata Prout olim, nee Hufn.) (9ej. For the differentiation from spadicecma, ferrugala. 

 see under that species, cf genitalia with a row of sharp teeth on the harpes. The name-typical form of 

 ferrugata as figured by Clerck and well described by Linne, has the median band reddish or purplish, the 

 distal area very weakly marked (except the costal patch and two dark spots between the radialsj, often almost 

 entirely white or whitish. — ab. unidentaria Haw. (= eximiata Fuchs, sirsjyAi Krulik^ (9e) is a very common miidentaria. 

 and very interesting aberration which has been proved, by my very extensive breeding experiments and those 

 of Dr. Draudt, to be an almost perfect Mendelian "recessive". It differs in having the median band black, not 

 reddish. — ab. coarctata Prout has the median band greatly narrowed, only 1 — 2 mm. in width; the rest of coarctata. 

 the markings often in part obsolete. — bilbainensis Fnchs, from Bilbao, said to be a local race, is described Ulbainensis. 

 as smaller, narrower-winged, the distal edge of the median band more distinctly biangulate. 1 doubt its 

 validity. — stupida Alph., from Issyk-kul, Tibet, W. Central China, etc., is rather larger, with whiter hindwing, skqMa. 

 otherwise similar to ab. unidentaria. — Larva closely similar to that of spadicearia, the dorsal surface on an 

 average less sharply marked. Polyphagous on low plants. Pupa similar to that of spadicearia but darker. 

 Distributed in two generations in Europe and probably Siberia ; also rather common in North America. 



C. divergens Btlr. (1 1 i) bears perhaps more resemblance in the general arrangement of its markings divergens. 

 to some of the species of section B (designata or abrasaria) than to any of the preceding; but the base of 

 the forewing is scarcely darkened, while there is a rather straight dark band limiting the basal area. The 

 paler part of the median area is slightly variable in colour, greyish, brownish or even pale reddish. Hind- 

 wing always weakly marked. Dharmsala and other places in N. W. India. 



B. Antennal pectinations rudimentary, bearing fascicles of long cilia (Ochgria). 



C. apiciata Stgr. Superficially very different in appearence from the other species of this group, so apiciata. 

 closely resembling acutangidata or certain forms of disjundaria (7 f) that it might even be confused with them. It 



is best distinguished by the very pointed forewing, which is even more acute than in putridaria. Its colour is 

 dirty light-grey, with double dark line near the base, dark median area, divided costally by a pale patch, and 

 one or two dark lines in the distal area. Hindwing light grey, beneath with an indistinct cell-dot and a dark, 

 mostly strongly bent or angled postmedian Une. The dull coloration of the upperside and the markings of the 

 hindwing beneath are said to be, next to the structure and shape, the best distinguishing characters. I have 

 not seen it. Achalzik district. 



C. saturata Guen. (= exliturata Walk., livida Btlr., inamoena Btlr) (7f). Very similar, except saturata. 

 in the & antennal structure, to ferrugata L., the band brown rather than red or black, rather distinctly marked 

 with black lines. Under surface rather weakly marked. The ? is broader-banded than the cf, with the distal 

 area generally more dark-marked. Very widely distributed. — .lapan, China, India and S. Africa, The cf 

 antennal pectinations are quite rudimentary, scarcely more than serrations. 



C. angularia Leech (13). Closely related to saturata but with the band of the forewing blackish, the distal angularia. 

 area infuscated, hindwing much darker than in saturata, underside more strongly marked, the pale band dis- 

 tally to the postmedian being well expressed. Japan: Oiwake and Nikko. 



C. biriviata Bkh. (= quadrifasciaria Tr. nee L., pomoeriaria Ev) (9e, a.s pomoeriaria) is easily distinguished Mriviata. 

 from the two preceding by its white ground-colour and the sharpness and brightness of its markings. — aestiva aestiva. 

 Fuchs is the summer brood, distinguished by its somewhat darker colouring, especially in the distal area of the 

 forewing and on the hindwing. — ab. abditaria H.rSch. has the median band narrow, curved proximally at ahditaria. 

 costa and scarcely projecting posteriorly. — Larva green or brown, the dorsal line interrupted on the first 

 5 abdominal segments by light-bordered lozenge-shaped .spots; lateral stripe whitish yellow. On Impatiens. 

 Pupa blackish brown, hibernating. The first brood of the imago appears in April and JMay, the second in July. 

 Distributed in Central Europe, Russia, Siberia, etc. 



C. designata Hufn. (= propugnata Schiff., bajutzaria Franzenau) (9e) is the only species of the subgenus designata. 

 in which the median band is light red — coloured nearly as in munitata but with a conspicuous black bar at its 



