228 



CIDARIA. By L. B, Prout. 



proximal edge and usually with the distal edge also — at least in its anterior part, conspicaioiisly black. 

 coarctaia. Under surface more weakly marked. — ab. coarctata ah. nov. has the median band greatly narrowed, usually 

 islandicaria. very dark, about as in the corresponding aberration of ferrugata. — islandicaria Stf/r. has the ground-colour 

 more weakly marked, often whiter, the median band also pale in its centre but commonly with the black 

 edgings widened. Iceland. — Larva very similar to that of fluduata. On various Cruciferae. Pupa moderately 

 stout, dark brown; hibernates. The moth flies in May and .June, with a partial second generation from the 

 end of July. It is common and widely distributed in Europe, Asiatic Russia and Japan. 



bigeminata. C. bigeminata Ohr. Nearest to some examples of designata islandicaria but with more elongate, pointed 



forewing, straighter distal margin, the median band only indicated by two narrow fuscous bars which limit 

 it, the distal more slightly and bluntly projecting in the middle than in designata, the hindwing whitish grey 

 with a tinge of yellowish and without markings. The dark basal area of the forewing rather smaller than in 

 designata, dislal area almost unmarked except the brown costal spot. Transcaspia: Kopet-dagh, near Askhabad. 



modestaria. C. modestaria Ersch. is said to be also nearly related to designata but differs at once in the entire 



absence of the black bands or bars which border the median area of (he forewing. Dirty whitish grey, the 

 forewing with purplish basal and median bands, the former (according to von Hedemann's figure) ahnost straight- 

 edged, the latter rather narrow, of almost uniform width throughout, without distal projection. Hindwing 

 whitish with 2 ill-defmed grey lines. Irkutsk. I have before me as "modestaria^', a small species agreeing in 

 markings with the figure, but narrower, apex of forewing somewhat falcate, etc. If this is rightly determined, 

 the species has no connection witJi designata, the cf antenna being simple, the discocellulars biangulate. 



abrasaria. 



C. abrasaria H.-Sch. (= ligularia Guen.., baicalata Brem.) (9e). On an average slightly smaller than 

 most of the other species, the median band not darkened except towards its edges, which are blackened some- 

 what as in designata though on an average more broadly. Somewhat variable, but I know of no striking 

 aberrations, abrasaria is in Europe confined to the Arctic regions of Scandinavia and Russia. It is also 

 recorded from N. E. Siberia and a local race, differing very little, inhabits Arctic and Subarctic America and 

 the Rocky Mountains. 



C. Antennal pectinations reduced to mere teeth, bearing fascicles of 

 Hindwing with distal margin uneven {Orthonama). 



long cilia. 



obstipata. 



marginata. 

 obsoleta. 

 olivacea. 



C. obstipata F. (= fluviata Hhn., gemmata Hhn.) (9 e) is noteworthy for its strong sexual dimorphism. 

 The & somewhat recalls in coloration the following species, though it is brown, the distal edge of the median 

 band more irregular, the hindwing more strongly marked, etc. The ?, which we also figure, is much darker 

 red-brown or purple-brown, nearly always with a conspicuous, often black-pupilled white spot in the middle 

 of the forewing. Both sexes ai-e moderately variable. — ab. marginata Matheiv differs in having the fringe 

 distinctly pearly grey instead of almost concoiorous with the wings. It occurs in both sexes. — cf-ab. obsoleta 

 Mathew. Dark median band almost or altogether obsolete. — ?-ab. olivacea Mathew. The purple-brown ground- 

 colour replaeed by olive-brown. — Larva nearly cylindrical, anteriorly somewhat tapering and flattened; head 

 small, distinctly bilobed; body very variable m colour, grey, Ijrown or green, etc., sometimes very weakly 

 marked, oftener with distinct dark dorsal, subdorsal and lateral lines on thorax and posterior segments, the 

 middle segments with pale, dark-edged, lozenge-shaped dorsal markings, in each of which a dark spot represents 

 the broken dorsal line. Probably polyphagous on low plants, chielly obtained by rearing from the egg. It feeds 

 up vary rapidly in high temperatures. Pupa brown, rather rough and pitted but with the wings smooth and 

 very glossy; cremaster darker brown. The moth appears in a succession of broods throughout the warm 

 season and has a wonderful range of distribution, embracing most of Europe, Asia, Africa, N. America and the 

 eastern side of S. America, in cooler climates scarce and uncertain in its appearance, no doubt maintaining 

 itself by immigration. 



lignata. C. lignata Hbn. (= Uneataria Don., vittata 5M. nee T/nib.) (9f). Face without distinct cone of scales. 



Forewing pale wood-colour, the dark lines (except the conspicuous blackish apical streak) approximately 

 parallel with the distal margin, those wlucli follow the discal dot rectangularly bent near the costa. Hindwing 

 nigrofascia. still paler. — In ab. nigrofascia Rbl. the black apical streak is continued as a blackgrey nebulous stripe as far 

 as the hindwing, the subternuiial line distinct, the proximal lines wanting. Larva moderately stout, tapering 

 slightly and gradually; yellowish green, the middle segments dorsally somewhat suffused with brownish pink; 

 dorsal line darker, thickening somewhat at the incisions; subdorsal pale, usually finely dark-edged; a black 

 dash on the side of each segment; spiracles and spiracular line pale red. It feeds on Galium palustre, hiber- 

 nates and is full grown about May. Pupa short, glossy, dorsally dark bi'own, wings and ventral surface bronzy 

 green. The moth is on the wing in June or a little earlier or later and as a second generation in August- 



