CIDARIA. By L. B. Prout. 229 



September. Locally common but apparently almost confined to Northern and Northern Central Kiiropo and 

 not reaching the Arctic Region. 



Subgenus Calostigia Hbn. '(= Malenydris ifftw.; Amoebe Ehn). Like Xanthorhoe but with discocelliilars 

 of hindwing biangulate. Probably embraces 3 or 4 biologically distinct sections, but 1 have found no well- 

 marked imaginal characters for their separation. 



A. Antennal pectinations fully developed. 



C. albigirata KoU. (^ serpentinata Led., jameza Btlr., askoldaria Ob., thomasata Warr.) (9 b) is easily albigirata. 

 known by the strongly glossy wings, recalling the colour of snffumata or silaceata, and especially by the very 

 characteristic form of the distal edge of the median band, which behind the middle forms a marked projection 

 and then runs very ohKqtiehj inwards to the 2""^ median vein where it forms an acute angle, being afterwards 

 somewhat outcurved. The hindwing beneath has a strong black discal dot and strong, though somewhat broken 

 postmedian line. Japan, S. E. Siberia, W. China, Kashmir and the Altai. — viperata Alph. is said to differ in viperata. 

 its more cupreous or brownish tint and in having the & antenna more shortly pectinate. Amdo district. 



C. ustipennis Hmps. (1 1 f ) differs essentially from albigirata in colour, both wings being reddish fawn- ustipennis. 

 colour (the hindwing greyer in its proximal part). The fine white lines which limit the basal and median 

 areas recall those of albigirata but the median area of the forewing is broader, its proximal margin less acutely 

 indented, its distal much less irregularly shaped than in that species. Dharmsala. 



C. aptata Hhii. (9 a) and the two following species form a closely related group with more or less green aptata. 

 forewings. aptata is especially similar to olivata but differs in its whiter ground-colour, paler hindwing and 

 on an average narrower median band. — ab. suplata Frr. (= pontissalaria Brd^ Forewing not greenish, the suplata. 

 median band unicolorous fuscous. — ab. confusa Hirschke. Median band reduced to a small dark patch about confusa. 

 the discocellulars. — Little is known of the earlier stages. According to de Rougemont the larva is grey- 

 yellow with black dots and with short hairs. On Galium, aptata is essentially a mountain species and occurs 

 in Central and Southern Central Europe. Westward it reaches the Pyrenees, but is not yet recorded from Spain; 

 eastward it reaches the Altai Mountains. It flies in July. 



C. olivata Schiff. (= aptata Dup. nee Hbn) (9 a). When fresh, the forewing is of a beautiful mossy olivata. 

 green, the cT usually smaller and darker than the ?. Hindwing dark grey, with paler double postmedian line 

 and dentate or lunulate pale subterminal. — ab. semisuffusa CMl. has the entire proximal area of the iove- semisuffusa. 

 wing dark-suffused, confluent with the median band. — The newly-hatched larva is similar to that of pectina- 

 taria. It hibernates when still quite small and feeds up in the spring. Full-grown it is stout, slightly tapering 

 at each end, rugose, with conspicuous tubercles and setae; reddish-ochreous or brownish ochreous with inter- 

 rupted grey dorsal line; lateral and ventral surface mostly dull reddish; tubercles black. Exceedingly sluggish, 

 feeding on Galium at night. Pupa rather stout, bright red or red-brown, the abdomen darker. The moth 

 appears in July and August, sometimes earlier. Northern Europe, also further south in mountainous country, 

 even reaching Sicily; also in the Ural, the Caucasus, N. E. Asia Minor and the Altai. 



C. pectinataria Knock (^ deleataria Thnbg., viridaria F. nee CI.) (9 a). Cannot be confused with axx^ pectinataria. 

 other known species, the triangular black spots at the costa and the light green ground-colour being distinctive. 

 When it has been exposed to damp weather the green fades to a dirty yellow or whitish and the black spots 

 stand out even more distinctly. Such specimens have been named ab. (!) derassaria by Schille and deviridata 

 by Strand. — ab. constricta ab. nov. Median area much narrowed so that it forms costally a single black consfricta- 

 mark, its posterior one-third white. In coll. W. G. Sheldon. — The newly hatched larva is rather large, bright 

 red or red-orange, with rather large blackish tubercles and very small, knobbed-tipped setae - very different 

 in appearance from newly hatched Xanthorhoe larvae. Full fed it resembles in shape and in rugosity that of 

 olivata hut shows on the back of the middle segments a reddish V-shaped pattern. On Galium, Lamium and 

 other low plants. Extremely sluggish, feeding by night. Usually hibernates when well grown. Pupa yellow- 

 brown. The moth is common in woods, wooded heaths, etc, in June and July, a partial second brood (of 

 smaller size) in August - September Central and Northern Europe and a few southern locahties; also Trans- 

 caucasia and the Altai. 



C. turbata Hbn. (9 a). A rather uncommon-looking species on account of the very dark-bordered, turbata. 

 clear white hindwing. The forewing is brown-grey, appreciably mixed with olive green, the median band 

 often darker. Geographically variable. The name-typical form inhabits the Alps, Pyrenees, Central Scandinavia, 

 Finland and the Altai. The Canadian race will be described in vol. 8, but there are two other European 

 races to register. ~ fuscoHmbata Tgstr. (= arctica Schogen) is a small, pale form from the polar regions — Hmbata 



