CI D ARIA. By L. B. Prout. 235 



line. Hindwing dirty light grey with very feeble, narrow band-hl<e darkening dislally; marginal line as on 

 forewing. Underside light grey, only distinctly darkened at the apex of llie forewing. Founded on a ? from 

 Kurusch, Caucasus; August. 



C, caesiata Schiff. (=^ infrequentata Haw.) (9f). Very variable, generally recognizable by the shape caesiata. 

 of the markings, which is well shown in our figure. The typical form is bluish grey, the median band mode- 

 rately darkened, enclosing in the centre a costal patch of the pale ground-colour. — ab. annosata Zett. (9gj annosata. 

 has the median band darker and not enclosing a light patch. ^ ab. nigricans Prout (= hethlandicaria B.-Haas) nigricans. 

 is glossy blackish or fuscous, the median band still darker, but the lines which bound the areas remain pale. 

 Not infrequent in Yorkshire, Scotland, the Shetlands, etc. — ab. constricta Prout. Median band much narrowed, constricta. 

 interrupted towards the hind margin. — ab. epixantha Stichel. Forewing more brownish, hindwing darkened epixantha. 

 proximally, pale distally, the two shades rather distinctly defined. One example bred among normal specimens. 

 N.Sweden. — calcarata Vorbr. and MulL-Rutz, from the peat-bogs of the Bernese Jura (Tramelan), is essentially calcarala. 

 lighter, tinged with brighter green-yellowish, much more sharply marked and with the pale costal patch always 

 reaching right acroos the forewing. — norvegica Strand, the principal form in Arctic Norway, is less sharply norvegicu. 

 marked than the type, rather uniform grey. — glaciata Germ. (^ gelata Gmot.), from Iceland, is darker (more glaciala. 

 brownish or smoky) than the type, generally weakly marked, not very strongly glossy. — ab. prospicuata Prout ^jrospi- 

 ( ^ gelata Stgr. nee Guen) is white or whitish, unmarked except for the basal and median black-brown bands ctiaia. 

 which stand out in the boldest relief. It occurs chiefly in Iceland. — impallescens Chr., from the N. E. Cau- impalles- 

 casus, is smaller and narrower than the type, the wings whitish, densely sprinkled with fuscous, the wavy c'^ns. 

 transverse lines indistinct. According to Staudinger a similar form occurs in Labrador. — Larva of medium 

 proportions; head small, brownish; body variable in colour, green or reddish with triangular red and 

 yellow dorsal patches, edged by V-shaped black marks which point forwards; segment incisions well marked, 

 and showing a number of white dashes. On heath, bilberry. Rhododendron, dwarf birch, dwarf sallow, etc., 

 hibernating. Pupa rather slender; glossy light-brown with the wings more greenish, caesiata flies in July and 

 August, in Northern Europe and the mountains of Central Europe, also Aruienia and the Altai and in North 

 America, at least in Labrador. 



C. ravaria Led. (13n) differs from caesiata in its stronger gloss, peculiar greenish grey tone, absence of discal ravaria. 

 dot on the hindwmg above and on both wings beneath, very glossy, almost unmarked underside, etc. Disco- 

 cellulars not biangulate. Genitalia not yet investigated. Variable in the breadth of the median band. Altai 

 and Ala Tau Mountains; also at Koksar (?). 



C. subravaria sp. nov. (9 g, as ravaria). Smaller and rather narrower-winged than ravaria, lighter co- subravaria. 

 loured, less greenish, postmedian line more proximally curved at costal margin, terminal line weak, less in- 

 clining to form paired dots. Antennal ciliation in the cf better developed (not much less than diameter of 

 shaft). In the type and another cf, the median band becomes very narrow at hindmargin. Aksu, E. Turkestan. 

 Type in my collection, cotypes (cf ?) in coll. POngeler. Has been circulated as ravaria. 



C. fuscaria Leech is perhaps related to ravaria, but both wings are much darker leaden grey, the basal fmcaria. 

 and median areas stiU darker, solid, the distal area almost unicolorous, the subtermmal line being only faintly 

 indicated. Hindwing with faint traces of double pale postmedian line. The cf antenna is abnormal for this 

 group, the joints projecting strongly (dentate-ciliate). Ta-chien-lu, only the type known. 



C. flavicinctata ii/ 6w. (9 g, as flavocinctaria) differs from caesiata in the admixture of bright golden-yellow scales fiavicinc- 

 on the forewing. These vary much in extent, but show themselves more or less on all the darker parts and usually ^«to. 

 encroach on the whitish subterminal line. Hindwing on an average more grey, thus with the pale postmedian 

 band better defined. — ruficinctata Guen. ( = obscurata Stgr.), from Scotland, has both wings much darker ruficinciaia. 

 grey, the median band of the forewing in consequence not very distinctly differentiated from the rest of the 

 wing. — The larva, both of the Scotch and of the continental forms, feeds on Saxifrage, but can also be 

 reared on Sedum and other plants. It resembles that of caesiata but is rather more stumpy, tapering 

 anteriorly, and the dorsal triangles are smaller. It hibernates and is full-fed in May or June. Pupa apparently 

 similar to that of the preceding. Imago in July. Northern and Central Norway, Scotland, the Alps, Silesia 

 and Galicia, essentially a mountain species. — relegata Piing. is perhaps a subspecies of flavicinctata, perhaps relegata. 

 a separate species. The forewing is scarcely yellow-mixed except that the distal one-third shows some 

 isolated yellow spots on and above the median vein; the hindwing above is lighter, almost unmarked. Koko-Nor. 



C. caeruleata Guen. (9 g) has sometimes been regarded as a dark form of flavicinctata, while Staudinger caeruleata. 

 (quite absurdly) places it as a variety of infidaria ; but Dr. Chapman has shown from the genitalia that it is 

 a perfectly distinct species, these organs, indeed, more resembling those of ci/anata than of either of the last- 

 mentioned species. It is distinguished by its dark blue-grey forewing, rather strongly traversed by dentate 

 white fines, those which border the median area reduced to white dots on the veins, some yellow colouring 



