CIDARJA. ByL. B. Prout. 263 



C. furcata Tknhg. (10 k) is infinitely variable, but differs from the other European species in the shft-ter furcata. 

 palpus, the more angled or irregular markings between the subbasal line and the median space, dark subterminal 

 band, nearly always interrupted by a white or pale spot in the middle, absence of black vein-streaks near 

 the apex, etc. The name-type is cinereous with dark bands, tacetaria Frr. may be synonymous with it but 

 has the distal area weakly marked. The figure is bad. -- ab. cinereata Prout is cinereous without the dark cinn-cala. 

 bands. — ab. sordidata F. is green with dark bands. — ab. obliterata Front is green almost unmarked. — sordi'Udn. 

 ab. fuscoundata (Dov.) Stgr. (10k) is testaceous or reddish with dark bands and only seems to occur among ohliterala. 

 the bilberry- or heather-fed forms. — ab. testaceata Prout is testaceous without the dark bands. — ^^ fuscoundata. 

 obscura Peiier. (= infuscata Star!) (10 k, as infuscata) is unicolorous fuscous or nearly so. — ab. tricolorata te^^aceata. 

 Schr. (= albifasciata Prout nee Pack) differs from ab. sordidata, which it otherwise resembles in coloranftn, . 

 in having a pale grey or white median band. — ab. irrorata Spr. is large and broad-winged, strongly ^^. . . ^ 

 irrorated, 4"' and 5'*' bands incomplete. — ab. constricta Strand has the pale central area broken into separate constricla 

 rounded spots. — ab. nexifasciata Btlr., from Japan, closely resembles ab. sordidata but has the third dark ^^^.j^-^j^^j^j^^, 

 band (antemedian) broader, less sharply angulated, the white spot in the middle of the distal area obsolescent. 

 The winter is passed in the egg state. Larva stout, reddish grey with brown head, dark brown prothoracic 

 plate, indistinct dark dorsal line, broad white subdorsal, pairs of whitish spots at the segment-incisions and 

 inconspicuous whitish lateral lines; venter greyish green. In lowland districts it feeds chiefly on sallow and 

 hazel; the smaller mountain race feeds on heather and bilberry. Pupa glossy, reddish-brown with the wing- 

 cases darker. Moth in July and August, the small race in some localities already in June. Extremely abundant 

 in Northei'n Europe; in Central Europe it becomes more local and in the south it is apparently almost wanting; 

 in Siberia and Central Asia it has a wide range. Also recorded from North America. 



C. coerulata F. (^ autumnalis Strom, trifasciata Bkh., impluviata Hhn. nee Schiff., bicommata Schr) coeruMa. 

 (10k, as autumnalis). Palpus long, but not quite so long as in ruberata; otherwise individual specimens of 

 the two species sometimes bear a very close resemblance, coerulata is perhaps on an average slightly smaller, 

 is somewhat shorter-winged, oftener with a very pale, blue-green median band, the oblique subbasal line is 

 straight, or only very weakly angulated in the cell, the black marks on the hindmargin of the forewing and 

 on the anterior veins distally, which generally characterize both species, on an average less strongly developed 

 than in ricberata but very variable in both species. Our figure well illustrates the typical form. — ab. literata Uterata. 

 Don. has the proximal and distal parts of the forewing duller, more rust-coloured, the median band whitish. 

 Possibly only founded on somewhat discoloured specimens. — ab. obsoletaria Schille (= infuscata Prout, cine- obsoletaria. 

 rascens Strand, nigrescens Huene) has the forewing almost uniformly dark cinereous or fuscous. — ab. semi- semifuscata. 

 fuscata ah. nov. has the median band mostly infuscated, except at mid-costa, but the narrow pale green bands 

 which bound it remain unaltered. I have only seen it from Arran. Transitional towards the preceding. — 

 ab. arctica Paux is scarcely intelligibly described: "markings of forewing maroon violet and rosy yellowish". — arctica. 

 ab. constricta Strand has the median area of the forewing constricted, interrupted. — The larva is similar to constricta. 

 that of furcata but with the pale markings less white; according to Buckler's figures (which are generally very 

 reliable) the setae are much longer. Feeds in curled-up leaves of alder from July to September or October. 

 The pupa is black with short, wedge-shaped cremaster, and commonly remains spun up in the larval habitation 

 after this has fallen to the ground. The moth appears in May and early .lune and there is sometimes a very 

 partial second brood about August. Its range is similar to that of furcata but it is not knovim from Iceland. 



C. ruberata Frr. {^= fulvoundata Fuchs, autumnalis Stichel nee Strom) (10 k) is distinguishable from ruberata. 

 the preceding species by the characters noted above and the greater prevalence of reddish or rust-coloured 

 tone. Subbasal line variable, often strongly angled in the cell, sometimes thickened at the angle and again 

 at the hindmargin; antemedian rust-coloured band often ending in a conspicuous black spot at hindmargin; 

 in the distal area the black line on the P' radial is generally strong, those on the S* subcostal and 2"'^ radial 

 rarely so; black apical streak generally conspicuous. The name-type is grey, sharply marked, with the rust- 

 colour reduced to 4 narrow, inconspicuous bands. — ab. variegata ab. nov. (10k) is more intensively marked variegata. 

 with rust-red and black, first and second bands nearly confluent, sometimes some red suffusion in median 

 area. — ab. grisescens Huene (^ cinerascens Stichel nee Strand) is a weakly marked grey form with no grisescens. 

 rust-red markings, median area not paler. It is frequent in the West of England. — Larva closely similar 

 to that of coerulata, in general more greyish in colour and perhaps more weakly marked. In a chamber 

 formed by spinning together 2 or 3 terminal leaves of a shoot of sallow or willow or uniting leaves to old 

 catkins, gregarious at first but solitary later; in the Orkneys it has been found feeding on heather. Pupa 

 glossy, very dark brown, segment-incisions paler, cremaster conical, rather short; in a loose cocoon among 

 fallen leaves or under loose bark. The moth flies in May and June. It is very local, inhabiting Britain, 

 Scandinavia, Russia, the Alps and some mountain localities in Germany and N. Hungary. Also in N. America. 



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