EUPITHECIA. By L. B. Prout. 293 



typical form but stronger than in distwctaria, which it slightly recalls. On an average smaller than pimpi- 

 nellata, somewhat longer-winged, cell-spot rather smaller, siiblerminal scarcely widened, but forming an angle 

 inwards on the fold. Median area rather narrow. — vellicata Dietze, from Uriimtschi (E. Turkestan) lacks the vfllicata. 

 black costal spots of the forewing. — l^arva on Odontites liilea. The pupa hibernates. The moth flies in 

 August — September in warm sandy or stony places whei'e the food-plant grows. Distributed in Southern 

 and Central Europe. 



E. assectata Didze. Moderately lai'ge, sepia-grey, irrorated, with numerous parallel lines, no di.scal assectata. 

 spot. Very distinct, though the shape and marking recall the following group. Variable, sometimes with 

 darkened median area. Antennal ciliatio]i in cf nearly as long as diameter of shaft. Samarkand, Issyk-kul, etc. 



E, extensaria Frr. (= prolongata Zell.) (13 g). A rather large, long-winged species, the ? with much more extmsaria. 

 robust body and smaller wings than the cf. Charactei-ized by its alternations of white ground-colour and 

 brown-grey bands, parallel with one another and with the distal margin. & antennal ciliation moderate, not 

 so long as the diameter of the shaft. Very variable, the name-type not very sharply marked, described from 

 l^asan and again by Zeller from Livonia. This form occurs chiefly in Eastern Europe, but also (more or 

 less mixed with sijdtji or leuca) in some parts of Western and Central Asia. — sydyi Stgr., from the Hi sydyi. 

 district, the Altai, etc., is more silver-grey, more sharply marked. — occidua nom. nov. (= prolongata Dietze occidua. 

 nee Zell.) (l3o) from England (Norfolk and Yorkshire coasts) is still more sharply marked, the brown bands often 

 darker, nearly always marked with interrupted black lines, or dots or dashes on the veins. — leuca Dietze, leuca. 

 from the Hi and Ussuri districts, is yellowish white with the bands only quite weakly marked. — Larva on 

 flowers and seeds of Artemisia maritima, wonderfully protected when coiletl up among these. The pupa 

 hibernates, fmago in May — June. 



E. rebeli Bohatsch is said to be near extensaria, palpus still shorter, forewing more pointed, whitish rebeli. 

 tinged with brown, costal margin broadly brownish grey, numerous slender brown lines, a white band before 

 the distal margin, sending a branch into the apex, hindwing light brown-grey, with a dentate double white 

 band. Zerafshan, Ferghana, Issyk-kul and Hi. 



E. furcata Stgr. Shape nearly as in extensaria, smaller, darker; grey, the white markings indistinct furcata. 

 except a white subterminal band which broadens anteriorly and is forked before reaching the costa, the more 

 slender branch running into the apex, the broader into the hindmargin near it. Central and N. E. Asia Minor. 



E. aegyptiaca Dietze is a small and rather narrow-winged form from Cairo which has not yet been aegyptiaca. 

 adequately made known. "Perhaps related to furcata^'' but without the characteristic forked pale band of that species. 



E. hyperboreata Stgr. Near nanata, but differing in the cf genitalia. Ground-colour more uniform hrjper- 

 violet-brown, the whitish bands and apical streak of the forewing reduced, the lines which bound the median "'"■^*'*- 

 area on the other hand often sharply expressed, perhaps not quite so acutely angulated as in nanata. fiind- 

 wing quite weakly marked. — ab. transversa Dietze is more extreme in the dissolution of the fine dark and transversa. 

 light lines, but a light band remains between the median band and distal area. — Larva on Ledum palustre. 

 Moth in June — July. N. to N. E. Europe and reaching southward to Berlin. 



E. nanata Hbn. (12 k). Somewhat recalls extensaria in colouring but is much smaller, generally less nanata. 

 sharply marked, the markings rather less oblique, the subterminal much less straight, discal dots present. 

 White streak from apex rather strong, obliquely intersecting the subterminal. — pauxillaria Bsd. is a small pauxillaria. 

 dark second-brood form, occurring in its most extreme development in the South of France. — gelidata gelidata. 

 Moschl., from Labrador and Greenland (according to Staudinger also the Shetland Islands) has the forewing 

 darkened but with distinct ash-coloured bands, particularly the one distally to the median area. — Larva on 

 Calluna vulgaris, sometimes on Erica carnea. Flies in May and again in August. Common and widely 

 distributed in Europe. 



E. innotata Hufn. (121). Dietze has a very full, interesting and important discussion of this species, innotata. 

 which is much too long even to summarize here ; and concludes that there is at present absolutely no evidence 

 for the specific separation of fraxinata or tamarisciata. In England, where the fraxinata form is single brooded, 

 widely distributed and constant in its specialization to ash, while innotata is extremely local and scarce, it is 

 probably in process of differentiation, but Dietze has shown conclusively that the larval differences, on which 

 Crewe chiefly relied, are valueless for this purpose, being alterable with altered diet, innotata is very variable, 

 though perhaps the naming of varieties has been carried too far. The well-known name-type is the rather 

 large, not very dark European and West Asiatic form which can be bred in profusion in April — May from 

 Artemisia larvae (especially A. campestris). — fraxinata Crewe (= meridionalis Mab) (121) is generally smaUer fraxinata. 



