310 ABRAXAS. By L. B. Protjt: 



melanozona. melanozona Raynor has a large, round, isolated cellspot on the forewing and a very black postmedian band, 



lutea. the yellow much reduced. Occurs m Scotland. — ■ ab. lutea Ckll. has the ground-colour yellow throughout. — 



hazeleighen- ab. hazeleighensis Raynor is entirely black between the two yellow bands, exceptmg 2 small white anterior 



./ 7^' spots. — ab. varleyata Porritt (== obscura Gkll.) is entirely black except a narrow white band near the base 



nigra, oi the forewing and a rather broader one at the base of the hind wing. N. England. — ab. nigra Raynor 



laalmundari- '\is,s both wings entirely black. — ab. malmundariense Donck. (= nigroradiata Rbl.) has the black markings 



axantha proximally to the cell-spot much reduced, the veins and margins distally thereto black-rayed. — ab. axantha 



minor. Raynor lacks the yellow bands. — minor Herz is a dwarfed form with paler yellow band, and seems to be 



a local race in E. Siberia and Korea. Small aberrations m Europe {nana Lambill.) do not deserve a separate 



ribesata. name. — ribesata Stgr. also has the band pale yellow, indeed sometimes scarcely noticeable, but is chiefly 



distinguished by the mors continuous postmedian band of the hindwing. Scaling rather thin. Ferghana to the 



conspurcaia. Uliassutai district. — conspurcata Btlr. (15 a) has all the black markings strong and in addition a rather broad, 



straight antemedian band on the hmdwing. Japan. Perhaps a good species. — Egg oval, dull yellow, scarcely 



glossy; the hexagonal reticulation is not deep but is marked by round knobs at the angles. Larva creamy 



white with black spots, those of the dorsal area large, only separated at the segment mcisions; a reddish lateral 



stripe. Sometimes wholly black. On Prunus, in gardens also very destructive to species of Ribes, Euonymus, 



etc. Hibernates. Pupa black, with bright yellow incisions; in a slight cocoon or quite exposed. Moth in 



July — August, very abundant in a great part of Europe, W. Asia, etc. 



flavisiintaia. A. flavisinuata Warr. is intermediate between grossnlariata and sinicaria, the yellow band coloured 



and formed as iii the latter, the reduction of the irregular spots and suffusions, as well as its size, appro- 

 ximating it to grossnlariata; hindwing quite as in that species, except that the terminal spots are longer and narro- 

 wer, almost connected; forewing with a large costal spot close to apex, larger but weaker spots distally to 

 the yellow half-band and pairs of small spots between these and the distal margin. Said to be from Japan. 

 Moore's 2 ,,type" of picaria may be a more spotted aberration of it. Possibly a local race of sinicaria 

 or picaria. 



sinicaria. A. sinicaria Leech (= consputa Bastelberger) differs from grossulariata in its somewhat more delicate 



build, less deep black markings and in having the forewing strongly but irregularly marked with grey spots and 

 suffusions. The yellow band of the forewing is generally confined to the posterior half. Discal spot of hind- 

 wing usually very small, a distinct beginning of a yellow postmedian band on inner margin. Chang Yang 

 (Central China) and Formosa. Possibly a form of the followmg. 



picaria. A. picaria Moore. Build of the preceding, the markings deeper black. Extremely variable, but almost 



always recognizable by the fine black dusting which overspreads the wings. Unfortunately Mooee's type 



specimen (from Darjiling) scarcely shows this and is very similar to sinicaria; the yellow bands are moderately 



well expressed. N. India to W. China. — ab. lutea ab. nov. has the ground-colour j'ellow. I have specimens 



nebularia. before me from Mou-pin and Ta-chien-lu (W. China) and Yatung (Tibet). — ab. nebularia Leech has the fore- 



aemiturpis. wing heavily mottled and clouded with smoky brown. Swinhoe regards it as a species. — semiturpis Warr^ 



is an extreme development of the preceding; forewing almost entirely obscured, a little white remainmg at the 



griseciria. apex and beyond the discal spot. Omei-shan. — ab. grisearia Leech has the forewmg brownish grey, the white 



ground-colour remaining as a rather uniforml)' distributed white dusting or spotting. The yellow and black 



mai'kmgs indicated. Not rare at Pu-tsu-fang. 



tortuosaria. A. tortuosarla Leech (15 a) differs in the sparser dustmg, absence of yellow markings and m the rather 



slender, posteriorly acutely inbent postmedian band (thick line). Distributed in W. China. 



lutea. 



curvihnea- A. curvilinearia Leech (15 a). Markings less black, postmedian line much more gently curved, mixed 



with rust-colour; a rust-coloured basal patch. Chia-ting-fu, W. China. 



na. 



reiicularia. A. reticularia Leech (15 b). Very distinct in the dark longitudinal shade from base of costa to middle 



of distal margin. Distributed in W. China. 



puncHsig- A. punctisignaria LeecA. (15 b). This and the two following perhaps form a separate group, with yellow 



ground-colour, small discal spots and a pattern of black dots. In punctisignaria the deep yellow line, accom- 

 panied by some larger black dots, somewhat recalls the grossulariata group. Omei-shan and Moupin. 



ilavohusalis. A. flavobasalia Leech. Paler, the dots larger but less numerous, the yellow postmedian band restricted 



to the inner margms, base of forewing with an oblique yellow patch, on which stands a cluster of about 8 black 

 spots. Chang Yang. 



