ENNOMOS. By L. B. Protjt. 323 



0. margaritata L. (= sesquistriataria Enoch) (15 i). Distal margin of t'orewing not, of hindwing margarHaia. 

 only slightly crenulate. Delicate light green when fresh, the colour exceedingly fugitive. Egg smooth, long- 

 oval, but laid with the micropyle at the top; light grey, dark-dotted, later pink with the dots deep red. 

 Larva grey, brown or brownish-green, commonly with whitish dots, segment-incisions well marked. On birch, 

 oak and many other trees, hibernating. Imago in June — July, rarely (smaU specimens) again in September. 

 Central Europe to Transcaucasia. 



C. honoraria iSchiff. (= ilicaria NilL, excisaria Es'p., honorifica Es2J.) (l^i). Margins more strongly ^onomria. 

 crenulate, colour normally light brown or more reddish brown, both wings with a small discal dot. — ab. 

 pictavorum Ob. has the lines of the forewing approximated, meeting at the hindmargin. — ab. virescens D. Luc. picfavorum. 

 has the wings greenish "throughout. — Egg nearly round, at first cream-colour, afterwards spotted with blood-red. ^'■^®'^^''^- 

 Larva reddish grey, with the dark dorsal line much interrupted, a small dark hump on the 7th abdominal 

 segment; spii'acles large, white, ringed with black. On oak, hibernating, honoraria is local in S. Europe, 

 Holland and Belgium, N. Africa etc., May and July. 



37. Genus: Eitiioiuos Tr. 



Face obUquely prominent, with dense projecting scales. Palpus moderate or longish, rough-haired. 

 Antenna in ^ bipectinate; in $ very shortly bipectinate or serrate. Breast and femora densely hairy; tibiae 

 sometimes strongly hairy. Hindtibia with median spurs short or wanting. Wing-margins irregular, both Avings 

 prominent at 3rd radial, forewing generally somewhat excised behind this vein. Fovea wanting. Neuration 

 variable, all the subcostals usually present. Egg at one end rounded (subgenus Ennomos) or squared {Deutero- 

 nomos), the micropylar end with a white ring; mostly laid in lines side by side. Hibernating. Larva when 

 first hatched smooth and slender, becoming twig-like, with transverse humps, especially on the 2nd and 

 5th abdominal segments. Pupa somewhat rugose, a surface coating being covered with a netword of fine 

 lines and pitting; cremaster long, with strong spines. Li a silken cocoon. The moths resemble autumn 

 leaves, fly at night and are attracted by light. Palearctic (chiefly European) and Nearctic. 



Subgenns Ennomos Tr. Tonguep resent, though short. Hindtibia withmedian spurs. 



E. autumnaria Wrnbg. (= alniaria Schiff. nee L.) (15 k). Considerably the largest European Enno- autumnaria. 

 mos and further characterized by the coarse dotai which are spread over the wings, though very variable in 

 intensity. — ab. schultzi Siebert has both wings entirely infuscated, merely the veins and perhaps the extreme schultzi. 

 base and on the hindwing the inner margin remaining undarkened. Known from Germany and England. — 

 Egg olive-gre?n, becoming deep chocolate brown, micropyle black; pitting very slight, longiti dinally arranged. 

 Larve dark brown, irregularly streaked and mottled with more reddish brown; a transverse protuberance 

 on the 2nd abdominal segment, a smaller on the 5th, lateral projections on the 3rd. On various trees. Pupa 

 with a purplish bloam; firmly attached in a slight cocoon. Moth in August — September. Europe, E. Siberia 

 and Japan. — hybr. dartfordi Tutt is the product of crossing ^ autumnaria with $ quercinaria. Intermediate dartfordi. 

 in size, shape of forewing suggesting autumnaria, of hindwing quercinaria, forewing mottled as in the former, 

 but with distinct lines as in the latter. 



E. quercinaria Hufn. (15 k). Extremely variable, but distinguishable from the species of the subgenus quercinaria. 

 Deuteronomos by the structure, the wing-shape, the form of the antemedian line etc. The name-typical form 

 is light yellowish, with the lines not accompanied by dark shades. — ab. equestraria F. (= infuscata Stgr.) equestraria. 

 (15 k) has the median area normal, the proximal and distal infuscated. — ab. perfuscata ab. nov. has both wings ■perfuscata. 

 entirely infuscated. — ab. carpinaria Hbn. is of a more reddish ochreous colour. — • ab. angularia Hbn. has carpinaria. 

 some strong dark shading distaUy to the postmedian line. — Many other forms occvir, which have not <ingularia. 

 received separate names. Larva elongate, with less strong humps than some species, occasionally smooth- 

 always so in its younger stages; brown mottled with reddish, or more uniform green. On oak, beech, birch, 

 lime etc., fuU fed about the end of June. Pupa greenish, the wings more yellow. The moth flies in August — 

 September and is fairly common in Central Europe, occurring also in the Taurus and Transcaucasia. 



Subgenus (? Genus) Deuteronomos, subg. nov. Tongue wanting o r -a b s o 1 u t e 1 y vestigial. 

 Hindt-ibiawithoutmedianspurs. 



E. alniaria L. {= canaria Hbn., tiliaria Bkh.) (15 k). Best distinguished by the bright canary- yellow alniaria. 

 thorax and by the conspicuous discal spots. Not very variable. — ■ Egg brick-shaped, with a depression on 

 upper surface; strongly polished, blackish. Larva very elongate, slender anteriorly, hump on 2nd abdominal 

 well developed; brown, mottled with purplish above, more greenish below. Feeds chiefly on birch and alder. 

 Pupa in a tough cocoon among fallen leaves, moss or grass. Moth in August' and September. Central Europe, 

 S. France, N. Italy, Scandinavia and parts of Russia. '; , 



