PHALAENA. By L. B. Prout. 325 



the median and postmedian lines darliened into a band. — illunaria Esp. (= juliaria Hmv., aestivalis illunaHa. 

 Guen.) (16 a) is the summer generation, much smaller and much lees irrorated. Sometimes pale, sometimes 

 warmer brown. — ab. minima Strand is a dwarfed form, sometimes sharply marked, frequent in Arctic, minima. 

 Norway. — Egg red, somewhat glossy, with very weak reticulation. Larva orange-brown or reddish brown, 

 sometimes inclining to purplish; mepo- and metathorax enlarged laterally, 4th — 5th abdominal swollen, with 

 small dorsal humps; anterior segments marked with bright orange. On various trees and shrubs, in two gene- 

 rations. Moth in March — April and again in July. Distributed in Europe, Transcaucasia, E. Siberia. — par- paroiluna- 

 vilunaria Battel is a hybrid between hilunaria ^ and tetrahmaria $, with the discal lunulas of the upper surface '"*"" 



very small. 



S. hypomelathiaria Ob. differs in its enormous size (length of a forewing in the $ 35 mm) and in hypomela- 

 liaving 2 distinct lines on the hindwing above and beneath, the postmedian dentate. Ta-chien-lu. thiana. 



S. lunaria Schiff. (= lunularia Hhn.) (16 a). Antemedian lines of forewing strongly curved, postmedian lunaria. 

 almost straight, oblique outwards, msdian area very much wider posteriorly than anteriorly, wholly or in 

 part dark-shaded. — ab. sublunaria Sfeph. is much darker and more purple, almo t exactly the colour of some sublunaria. 

 tdralunaria. — delunaria Hhn. (16 a), the 2nd gener8.tion, is on an average rather smaller and with less irrora- delunaria. 

 tion, but differs less from the 1st brood than in the other species. — Larva more than usually humped, 

 metathorax much swollen beneath, with the legs placed on a projecting pad; variable in colour, grey-bro\vn, 

 purplebrown, red-brown or brownish green, mere or less mottled. Duration of this stage irregular. Moth 

 in May and June, a partial 2nd generation in August. Distributed in Europe, except Iberia and Greece; 

 also in Asia Minor, Armenia, Issyk-kul. 



S. tetralunaria Hufn. (= quadrihmaria Esj)., illustraria Hbii., phoehearia Schr.) (16a). Characterized fe;?-frfi(na?i«. 

 by the sinuous postmedian line, large cell-marks, etc. The spring brood is predominantly shaded with deep 

 purplish above and beneath. — ab. kiihnei Kilhne is violaceous rosered, without the irroration of the name- kiihnei. 

 typical form. — gen. aest. aestiva Stgr. (16a) is smaller, lighter, more reddish, on the underside of the hind- c:estiva. 

 wing more inclining to orange. — Larva in general purplish brcwn, with grey and dark marblings; 1st 

 an 2nd abdominals with bifid humps, 4th — 5th much swollen, with smaller, partly black-marken humps, the 

 incision between them pale. On various trees and shrubs, in two generations. Moth in April — Ma.y and again 

 in July — August, distributed in Europe, Transcaucasia and Siberia to Japan. 



S. pallidaria Leech (16 a) is coloured about like hilunana /. illunaria (16 a) and of the same size, palUdaria. 

 but the postmedian line is much more distally placed, running to the anal angle; median shade obsolete, 

 except as a vague diffusa shade distally to the cell. Underside not variegated, forewing with postmedian line, 

 hindwing with median. Yesso, 1 $. 



S. adustaria Leech (16 a). Wing-margins rather less uneven than in bilunaria, outer line as in palli- adusiaria. 

 daria but rather mora sinuous, median shade distinct throughout, sinuous, oblique outwards. Underside varied 

 with brighter golden-brown and pinkish white. — ab. fusca Leech is much smaller, the upperside fuscescent, fusca. 

 weakly marked. Yesso. 



S. sordidaria Leech. Shape of the 2 preceding, colour and markings of bilunaria, postmedian line nearly sordidaria. 

 parallel with tei men, well developed also in middle of hindwing, incurved between radials. Minute black discal 

 dots present. Ichang, only a single worn ^ known. 



40. Genus : Phalaeua L. 



Characters of Selenia but with the distal margin of forewing projecting less in the middle, cell longer, 

 1st radial vein at its origin remote from the subcostals, also in the hindwing not stalked; generally no trans- 

 parent marks on the discoceUulars. — Larva short and thick, with a pair of dorsal humps on the 2nd abdo- 

 minal and a smaller pair on the 3rd followed by a remarkable pair of long thin, recurved fleshy processes with 

 hook-like tips. Pupa short, rugose, very thick and almost humped in the middle; suspended in a network 

 cocoon. The genus is Palearctic and perhaps Indian. 



P. syringaria L. (16 b). Both surfaces very variegated, the only sharply defined dark markings being syrimjaria. 

 the median line and on the forewing a portion of the postmedian, from an acute angle at the 5th sub- 

 costal about to the 3rd radial. On the under surface the median line of the forewing foUoAvs a more normal 

 course than above. — ab. hofmanni Schreiber has both wings strongly darkened in the distal area (from hofmanni. 

 the median line), the nervures and fringes deep black. — helvolaria Bobs. & Gardn. is a smaller, paler 2nd helvolaria. 

 brood form. — • Larva very variable, commonly ochreous brown, much variegated, some dark dorsal mar- 

 kings, subdorsal region often pale, with some whitish admixture. On honeysuckle, privet and lilac, hiber- 



