334 OUEAPTERYX. By L. B. Pboxjt. 



prunaria. A. pTunaria L. (= fulvularia H-ufn., $ corticalis Scop.) (16 i). ^ bright orange, coarsely marked with 



fuscaria. small fuscous strigulae. $ pale yellowish, with more minute strigulae or dots. — ^ab. fuscaria Prout (= francka- 

 corylaria. ria Lambill.) is fuscous throughout. — ab. corylaria Thnhg. (= sordiata Fuessl. nee L.) (16 i) has the proxi- 

 mal and distal areas infuscated, & median band of the ground-colour, not quite reaching the hind margin, on 

 pickdiaria. the hindwing not sharply defined proximally. — In ab. pickettaria Prout the ground-colour also shows itself 

 in the distal area of the forewing, excepting a pyramidal band from the hindmargin about to the 1st radial 

 apangbergi. vein, and also at the apex of the hindwing. — ab. spangbergi Lampa (= subalpinaria Lambill., ? unicoloraria 

 Horm.) (16 i, as prunaria) is without fuscous irroration or strigulation. Hoemuzakis form, however (from 

 pallidaria. Bucovina) is said to show a few grey dots and sometimes a darkened distal margin. — ■ ab. pallidaria Prout 

 ($= aureocincta Ob.) also lacks the irroration but shows very shadowy grey (in the $ more yellow-brown) 

 nvjrolhn- shading arranged as in ab. corylaria. — • ab. nigrolimbata Joannis has a narrow fuscous border, rather broader 

 bata. jj^ ^]^g ^ than in the $; the rest as in the name-type or spangbergi. — kentearia Stgr. {— sibirica Fuchs) is 

 comtirpata- smaller and paler, the $ whitish with strong irroration. Kentei Mountains to N. E. Siberia. — ab. constirpa- 

 ria. taria Fuchs is a (J form of kentearia with $ coloration. — Egg small, somewhat flattened oval, with minute 

 hexagonal depressions; red. Larva yellowish brown or dark brown with irregular Ughter mottlings, lines inter- 

 rupted or wanting. On blackthorn, whitethorn and other shrubs, etc., hibernating. Moth in June — July, 

 widely distributed in Europe and through Siberia to Japan. 



nigrisparsa. A. nigrisparss Btlr. (16 i). Quite unmistakable on account of its bright yellow ground-colour and 



sprinkling of black dots. Distributed in Japan. 



praitiaria. A. prattiaria Leech. Very variable in size and colour, characterized by the 3 conspicuous, anteriorly 



bent lines of the forewing and the large whitish spot in middle of distal area, partly surrounded with dark 

 lowcoZoraria. clouding. The crenulations in the distal margin of the hindwing also vary in depth. — ab. unicoloraria Zeec/t 

 is rather small, very weakly marked, the lines little curved anteriorly, distal margin of hindwing very feebly 

 crenulate. Oiwake. — Leechs tyj^es of prattiaria were also from Oiwake. Large, brightly coloured examples 

 occur at Chang Yang, an equally large, but paler form at Omei-shan and a duU reddish form at Mou-pin. 



grandinaria. A. grandioarla Motsch. (= serrata Brem., orientalis Hedem.) (17 b) bears some slight resemblance to 



large forms of prattiaria but is very distinct ; the middle line of the forewing is replaced by a brown shade 

 and the characteristic pale spot of the distal area is altogether wanting. Variable, the <^ generally browner, 

 the 9 yellower. S. E. Siberia. Korea and Japan. 



aexaria. A. aexaria Walk. (16 i). A conspicuous yellow species, forewing with reddish distal border, the lines 



represented by rows of dots arising from large costal spots. Japan and Korea to W. China. 



62. Genus: Oiirapteryx Leach. 



Face with short projecting hairs or sHght tuft. Palpus short or moderate. Antenna in both sexes simpel. 

 Breast densely hairy. Femora hairy. Forewing with apex rather acute, distal margin straight; 1st and 2nd 

 subcostals coincident (or occasionally long-stalked), anastomosing or connected with costal; no fovea. Hind- 

 wing with apex rather prominent but rounded, a more or less long tail at the end of the 3rd radial.' Large 

 moths, recognizable at a glance by their shape and pattern. Egg ,, upright", the micropylar axis being quite 

 perpendicular to the surface on which it is deposited; distinctly ribbed from the base to the micropylar area, 

 recalling a butterfly egg. Larva very slender, stick-like, tapering anteriorly, a rounded protuberance on the 

 side of the 3rd abdominal segment, a more pointed one on the back of the 5th, anal flap bifid. Pupa suspen- 

 ded in a light silken hammock mixed with leaf, the duration of this stage quite short. The moths fly wildly 

 at dusk or later at night and come readily to light. All are of large or moderately large size and their special 

 aspect, as well as some features in the early stages, suggest that they should form the type of a separate 

 subfamily. Their range extends from Europe to Japan, Formosa, the Greater Sunda Islands and W. India. 



sambucaria. 0. sambucaria L. (17 c), the type of the genus, is the only European species. Pale yellow, the lines 



generally fine, concise, ohvaceous, no grey shading between the spots at the tail of the hindwing. Apex of 



deflexaria. forewing minutely falcate, at least in the $. Face ochreous brown. — ab. deflexaria Schultz has the lines'^of 



olivacea. the forewing approximated, at the hindmargin confluent. — ab. olivacea Stdfs. (17 c), chiefly a product of 



artificial warmth, is a small second-brood form with strong olivaceous suffusion, narrow yellow bands remain- 



cuspidaria. ing contiguous to the usual lines. — ab. cuspidaria Bird. Distal margin of forewing prominently elbowed at 



the 3rd radial. — Egg orange, with about 16 longitudinal keels and between them transverse lineations. [Larva 



grey-brown, the colouring^arranged in a succession of scarcely noticeable longitudinal lines. On elder, ivy and 



