MACAEIA. By L. B. Prout. 347 



M. continuaria Ev. is said to be also near signaria but much smaller. Dirty white, irrorated with continuaria. 

 brown; both wings with 3 brown lines, approximately, but not entirely, parallel with one another and with 

 the distal margin, sometimes darker, sometimes lighter brown, but never very sharply defined; when dark, 

 the 2 outerttiost are white-edged distally. Irkutsk. Perhaps merely a small race of signaria. 



M. proximaria Leech (= pryeri Btlr. [praeocc].) (18 i). Larger and relatively longer-wmged than Twtuta proximaria. 

 and alternaria, the rust-coloured subapical spot generally small, always placed from the postmedian, the black 

 marks enlarged and with additional, much smaller ones anteriorly (on each side of 1st radial); postmedian 

 line of hindwing better defined, differently shaped. Antenna in (^ not serrate. Japan, Korea and China. 

 Should probably sink to the following. 



M, normata Alph. (25 b) is closely similar to 'proximaria and has the same structure, but with the normala. 

 excision in the distal margin rather slight, though there is a well-marked angle at the 3rd radial, postmedian 

 line of forewing rather more sharply angled; the black spots perhaps in general reduced. Amdo district. 



M. liturata Gl. (18 g). Easily distinguished from all the other species by its ground-colour and by the lituraUi. 

 mixed tawny and rust-coloured postmedian band. Distal margin of forewing not appreciably excised. ^ an- 

 tenna serrate. — ab. nigrofulvata Collins (= nigra Rbl.) is a fine melanotic form, both wings almost black ex- nigrofulvaia. 

 cepting the tawny postmedian band. Described from England. — ab. trexleri Schawerda is less dark than the 

 foregoing, violet-grey, unmarked excepting an ill-defined rust-brown band. — Nam.e-t3''pical liturata inhabits the 

 greater part of Europe, Transcaucasia and E. Siberia. — pressaria Chr. is smaller, cinereous, the lines distinct, pressaria. 

 thick, the tawny shade obsolescent except towards costal margin of forewing. N. E. Siberia and N. Amurland. 

 — • deceptans Stgr. is also cinereous or whitish grey, the band more distinctly brownish (on the forewing not deceptans 

 yellowish), forewing with 2 or 3 dark spots almost as in notata. A mountain form in Italy, Bukowina and 

 Grece. — The larva feeds on Pinus sylvestris and is protectively coloured, being green, marked with longi- 

 tudinal white lines and stripes; head reddish. Grey or bro\A'nish forms, with blackish head, occur more rarely. 

 Pupa stout, compact, not very glossy; reddish brown with the wing-cases black-brown, cremaster spiked, 

 without booklets, liturata flies in June and July, a partial 2nd brood in August. 



M. temeraria Sivinh. (18 h). This and the 2 following, together with a few Indian species, form a temeraria. 

 rather distinct group, characterized by the clouded distal area, intersected by light veins and crossed by a 

 whitish subterminal line which on both wings reaches the anal angle but recedes from the marginal in the 

 middle of its course, (J antenna not serrate, tail of hindwing pronounced. In temeraria the black marks on 

 the median branches are very weak or wanting. N. India and Central China to Kiushiu. 



M. intersectaria Leech (18 h). Similar to temeraria, median line regularly curved, preceded by stronger intenecta- 

 dark shades, discal mark of forewing represented by two large dots (spots), black m.arks on median branches •"*<*• 



better expressed, subterminal line running to apex (in temeraria recurved to costa). W. China: Pu-tsu-fang, 1 (J. 



M. pryeri Btlr. (18 g) is distinguished at once by the brighter brown clouding in the postmedian region, pryeri. 

 stronger black markings, broader white subterminal line, etc. Japan. 



M. cacularia Ob. (19 a) belongs to the Indian group which has been called Giibaria, with the apex of cacularia. 

 the hindwing somewhat excised, a whitish band across the middle of the wings and some large black spots in 

 the distal area of the hindwing. W. China. 



M. monticolaria Leech (18 f) somewhat approaches cacularia in the shape of the hindwing, which in moniicola- 

 addition is appreciably crenulate. Nearest to the Indian elvirata Guen.. but larger, greyer, less strongly marked. '"*<*• 



W. China. 



M. intermediaria Leech (18 h). Smaller and rather browner than the preceding, the postmedian line intermedia- 

 fine, less distinctly double, with a less profound curve at the radials of the forewing, median shade stronger. '■*^- 



Intermediate towards defixaria. W. China: Wa-shan and Chia-ting-fu. 



M. defixaria Walk. (= zachera Btlr.) (18 h, i). Angle of hindwing sharper than in intermediaria, ground- defixaria. 

 colour paler, dark spots and suffusions in distal area variable, postmedian line of forewing shaped more as in 

 monticolaria, its deep sinus crossed by a faint grey line; very characteristic is a large roundish pale apical 

 spot. Japan and China, generally common. 



M. elongaria Leech (18 f). Larger than defixaria. longer winged, darker, posterior half of postmedian elongaria. 

 line of forewing marked with dark spots between the veins, anterior half without the strong distal projection. 

 China: Chekiang and Mou-pin. 



M. aestitnaria Hbn. (18 g &s aestivaria). In this and the remaining species (except perhaps ornataria) aestimaria. 

 the distal margin shows no appreciable excision in the forewing but is slightly crenulate or waved, especially 



