BUZURA. By L. B. Peotjt. 359 



susceptible to changes in its environment, as shown by the experiments of Poulton. On most trees and even 

 on low plants like Artemisia. Pupa robust, dark red-brown or black-brown, hibernating in the ground, almost 

 without cocoon. The moth is common in May — July on treetrunks by day, or at light by night. Europe, 

 Transcaucasia, Altai, Issyk-kul, E. Siberia and Japan. 



B. cognataria Guen. {— parva Leech (19 g). Very similar to betularia, the white ground-colour in rognalarifi. 

 addition to the coarse black sprinkling bearing a much more minute smoky-brown dusting, which gives to the 

 wings a different tone. Postmedian line of hindwing in general nearer to distal margin, often thickened, less 

 deeply inbent at the median veins. Sometimes there are faint indications of brownish bands, giving a remote 

 resemblance to strataria. N. India to Japan; also in N. America. 



B. robustum Btlr. (19 h) differs in its larger size, more brownish tone, yellowish ^ antenna and espe- mhiixivm. 

 cially in t.he much more variegated underside, which is mottled with brown and white or at least has the costal 

 and distal margins whitish for a greater or less extent. Often — especially in the ^ — the distribution of the 

 colours on the upper surface more definitely recalls strataria than in the preceding species. In the name- 

 type the collar is yellowish. — ab. albicollis Warr. has the collar white. — Yokohama and Tokio. March — ^April. albicolUs. 

 Larva on various species of dwarf oak. 



B. tortuosa Wilem. (19 g) is also brownish grey, but duller and much more uniform, very much smaller, ioHnosa. 

 with brownish, not much variegated underside, that of the hindwing having a postmedian line near the cell- 

 spot, not (as in robustum.) corresponding to that of upperside. ^ antennal pectinations dark grey. Japan: 

 Oshima and Nikko. 



B. fasciaria Motsch. is unknown to me, unless it be a banded form of tortuosa. Cinereous whitish, jasciaria. 

 forewing with a broad blackish cinereous median band, waved lines and a posterior ,, lateral" ( ? costal) spot. 

 Hindwing beneath with an oblique median stripe. Distal margins above and beneath black-dotted. Japan. 



B. huberaria Ballion (= concinna Warr.) (19 g) differs from betularia in being almost or entirely free hvberaria. 

 from black speckling, the antemedian and postmedian lines distinct, black, sometimes accompanied by dark 

 bands; in Warrens type specimen a median line is also well developed. Underside similar^ but less sharply 

 marked. Hi district and Koko-Nor. I have not seen Ballions type, from Omsk {W. Siberia) but believe I am 

 safe in sinking concinna. 



B. hypoleucos Kusnezov. Very similar to huberaria, considerably smaller, more greyish white, ante- hypohucos. 

 median line less oblique, postmedian with longer projection at radials. Underside pure satiny white, almost 

 markingless except for the discal spot. Ussuri district. 



B, thoracicaria Ob. (19 g) is unknown to me, but according to Stattdinger belongs here. It seems t^^oraricmin. 

 to be very near tortuosa (perhaps even the same, but less robust, with rather shorter antennal pectinations, 

 more greyish in colour, abdomen with a dark dorsal spot on 2rd segment. Ussuri district and Korea. 



B. cotnjtata Warr. (= bloeckeri Kusnezov, regalis Leech nee Moore) (19 h). Larger than huberaria. comHata. 

 the postmedian line forming a broader curve anteriorly; but chiefly distinguished by the brown band at base 

 and on the body (metathorax and base of abdomen) and brown cloudings in distal area. — jesoensis Matsu- jesoensis. 

 mura seems to be an aberration or local form with more conspicuous cell-marks, rather heavier dark markings 

 and some greyish costal suffusion on forewing. — Amurland and Ussuri districts, Ichang and Japan. 



B, regalis Moore (19 h). Close to comitata but sufficiently distinct in its strong suffusion, thicker reoalifi. 

 black lines, etc. Distributed in the Himalayas but perhaps not truly Palearctic. 



B. emarginaria Leech (19 k) and the species which follow are characterized by their irregularly ewjo^firiwo- 

 shaped distal margin and form the genus Eubyjodonta Warr. emarginaria is distinguished by the rather broad '''"• 



and not much interrupted brown borders. The white ground-colour is not very heavily speckled. \V. China: 

 Pu-tsu-fang. 



B. quercii Ob. Wings more deeply emarginate, more strongly black-dotted, hindwing with large qvercU. 

 black cell-spot, borders darker. W. China: Tien-tsuen. 



B. clorinda Ob. is shaped more like emargfrnarw but the brown borders are rather narrower and broken ctom)rf«. 

 up into a narrow black-edged submarginal band and some marginal spots. ^Vill perhaps sink to falcata 

 Warr., from Darjiling. W. China: Tse-kou. 



B. erilda Ob. Rather small, distal margins less crenulate, the band and spots more yellow-brown erilda. 

 than in clorinda, cell-spot of forewing much smaller. W. China: Tse-kou. 



116. Genus : Buziira Walk. 



Differentiated by Hampson (as Section II of Biston) by having the tongue better developed, face less 

 hairy, hindtibia with the median spurs more normally placed, not (as in true Biston) close to the terminal or 



