PACHYCNEMIA; RHOPTRIA; ONOPHARMIA. By L. P. Prottt. 383 



M. oxygonaria Pilng. Larger, forewing with sharper apex, costal margin more sharply arched at base, oxygovaria. 

 hindwing more elongate, with longer inner margin; forewing grey mixed with brownish, the lines finely blackish, 

 on the reverse sides whitish margined, antemedian from one-fourth of costa obliquely to the median vein and 

 from here in a sharp angle to the hindmargin, post-median from quite near the apex, gradually receding from 

 the distal margm, slightly undulate, at the 2nd submedian bent, thence running outwards to the hindmargin 

 near the anal angle. Hindwing pale grey, distally a little darker-dusted, a fine dark, distally lighter-edged 

 postraedian line. Merv. 



133. Genus: Pachyciieniia Steph. , 



Pace rounded, rather prominent, with appressed scales. Palpus moderately elongate. Tongue developed. 

 Antenna rather short, in $ somewhat thickened, lamellate, with mmute ciliation. Abdomen slender. Wings 

 smoothly scaled. Forewing without fovea; very elongate, costal margin gently curved, distal margin smooth, 

 gently curved, oblique but short, costal vein widely removed from 1st subcostal, 2nd subcostal arising free, 

 often anastomosing or connected with the 1st or with the 3rd — ith. Hindwing elongate but more ample than 

 forewing, 3rd submedian vein running to the anal angle. Only one species known, of quite peculiar 'habitub. 

 In repose the wings are more closely folded than in most Geometrids. 



P. hippocastanaria Hbn. {= degenerata Hhn., difformaria Hhn.) (22 a). Forewmg glossy whitish grey, Mppocasta- 

 densely irrorated with red-brown, the basal and distal areas sometimes lighter; lines thick, obscurely whitish, naria. 



the antemedian strongly angulated. Hindwmg dirty whitish, feebly marked. — Larva cylindrical, wrinkled trans- 

 versely, grey-brown, marbled with darker brown, with black dorsal dots and rows of whitish subdorsal and 

 lateral spots. On Calluna, resting rigidly, like a twig of the plant. The moth is double brooded, April and 

 agam in July — August. Local in Central and S. Europe, N. Africa and perhaps Asia Minor. 



134. Genus : Rlioptria Guen. 



Face with appressed scales. Palpus moderate, stout, coarsely scaled. Antenna in <^ thick ned and 

 flattened, very minutely ciliated. Forewing with apex rather sharp, distal margin moderately oblique; neu- 

 ration very variable, 1st subcostal generally arising from 2nd and anastomosing with costal, its base, however, 

 always very slender, often obsolete, so that it arises from the costal; other irregularities aiso occur. Hindwmg 

 with costal margm rather long and straight, apex rounded, distal margin subcrenulate. Only 1 or 2 species. 

 The shape and facies are so distinct as to justify the provisional retention of GuENEiii's genus, although it would 

 be quite possible to follow Ledeeer and merge it in the already heterogeneous Gnophos. 



R. asperaria Hbn. (= coUata Hbn.) (22 a). Very variable in the intensity of the markmgs, but it is asperaria,. 

 not necessary to subdivide the banded forms, all of which show the same general distribution of the colours, 

 an oblique median band being pale, a band proximally to it (the true ,, median shade") very dark (at least in part), 

 a distal band moderately dark. — ab..pityata Bbr. is almost or quite unicolorous. ■ — Larva short, without pUyata. 

 protuberances, ventral surface slightly flattened, segmentation distinct. Variable in colour, grey or washed 

 with ochreous, or dull reddish, or vinous, the lines not sharply expressed, the spiracular line oftenest brick-red. 

 On Cistus monspeliensis. asperaria is probably single brooded and flies freely by day. Distributed in the Medi- 

 terranean lands. 



R. semiorbiculata Chr. (= exculta Btlr.) (22 a) may be provisionally referred to this genus. Pale grey semiorbicu- 

 with a slight rufescent tinge, the lines thickened at costa, angulated subcostally, thence oblique and undu- '"'«• 



late, continued on hindwing; median line of forewmg not or scarcely indicated except as a large spot at costa; 

 a dentate subtermmal line, dark-edged proximally and distally. Amur and Ussuri district, Japan and W. 

 China. — brunnearia Leech is smaller, pale brown, the forewing with a blackish blotch near the hinder angle, hnmnearia. 

 the dentate subterminal line almost wanting. Omei-shan, one example, perhaps a mere aberration. 



135. Genus : Cruopharniia Stgr 



Face with strong protuberance. Palpus moderate, rough-scaled. Tongue developed. Antenna of (^ 

 bipectinate with long branches, apex simple. Forewing with fovea; margins rather straight; 1st — 2nd subcostal 

 coincident. Hindwing with distal margin rounded, not crenulate. Only 2 or 3 species, all Palearctic, rangmg 

 only from Palestine to Central Asia. I have seen only the type species (colchidaria), which combines the aspect 

 of Gnophos with the structure of Boarmia or Tephrina. 



G. colchidaria seems to be very variable, hi part at least geographically. Some of its forms bear a 

 decided superficial resemblance in coloration to those of Gnophos variegata but it is easUy distinguished by 



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