GNOPHOS. By"L. B. Pbout. 387 



oblong, about twice as long as broad, with deep longitudinal furrows, connected by slighter transverse ones; 

 glossy, red. Larva short and stout, grey marbled with brown, dorsally blackish, the tubercles tipped with 

 white, 8th abdominal with a pair of small pointed eminences. On Helianthemum , Poterium, etc., but will 

 eat almost any low plant. Hibernates. Moth July — September, Europe and Asia Minor. 



G. mardinaria Slgr. Scarcely distinguishable on the upperside from weakly marked examples of ob- wurdinuria- 

 scurata ab. argillacearia, the black marginal line obsolescent. Underside more yellowish than m obscurata, but 

 characterized by having a broad dark (sometimes blackish) distal border to both wings. In the forewing the 

 2nd subcostal vein arises from the cell, while in obscurata it is from the stalk of the 3rd — otli; but this may prove 

 variable. The distal margin of the hindwing has longer teeth. Mesopotamia. Generally larger than obscurata. 



G. canariensis Rbl. appears quite like a rather small, rather dark, weakly marked obscurata, but the (^ ccmarienais. 

 genitalia show it to be a separate species. Canaries. 



G. crosi Th.-Mieg (= omaria Ob.) is superficially very closelj similar to the most yellowish crosi. 

 brown or reddish brown forms of obscurata but distinct in structure, the antenna of the ^ being shortly bi- 

 pectinate, on which account it should possibly be referred to the following group. The discal mark of the hind- 

 wing is sometimes small or obsolete and the underside' is almost markingless. W. Algeria: Mascara to S. Oran 

 GeryvUle and Aflou), August — September. 



G. onustaria H.-Sch. (= oneraria Guen., serraria Guen., catenulata Bbr.) (22 d). Similar to obscurata oimstaria. 

 calceata but less glossy, the dusting coarser, a slight brown tinge ha places, postmedian line more sinuous, with 

 longer teeth on the veins, distal margin with the dark line of obscurata broken up into dots, underside less weakly 

 marked. The distal margm of the hmdwing appears less deeply crenulate. Spanish specimens are often very 

 small, but I can find no evidence of two races. — Egg yellow changing to reddish, marked with not very strong 

 longitudinal ridges and slight, irregular transverse ones. Larva rather stout, roughened and with lateral pro- 

 tuberances; pale brick-colour. On Polygonum, Rumex, etc. in 2 broods, the second hibernating, S. Europe to 

 Syria and N. Persia. 



G. pentheri Bbl. is said to be near ambiguata, the (J antenna with the ends of the joints more sharply pentherL 

 projecting, the forewing with blunter apex, the colour much lighter white-grey, the distal margin quite ujimarked. 

 Only known from high altitudes in Herzegovina, July. 



G. ambiguata Dup. (= meyeraria Lah., ophthalmicata Led.) (22 c). Distal margin of hindwing again ambiguata. 

 less strongly crenulate than in onustaria, of forewing smooth. Colour and markings similar but more uniform, the 

 lines less deeply dentate, underside weakly marked. Altogether a rather sober-looking species. Inhabits the 

 mountains of Central Europe, the Altai and Ala Tau. ■ — pullularia H.-Sch. (= vepretaria Spr.) (22 d) is s pullularia. 

 more densely irrorated, thus darker race from Central and N. E. Germany. ■ — ab. nigrescens Hannemann is nigrescens. 

 unicolorous black-grey with black veins. — graecaria Stgr. is more whitish, weakly marked. Greece. ■ — Larva graecaria. 

 short and rugose, the tubercles pointed, especially the lateral ones; brownish yellow with light dorsal spots 

 bounded by curved dark stripes. On low plants, hibernating. Imago in July. 



G. fractifasciaria Piing. Similar to ambiguata but with longer palpus, more slender ^ antenna, finer fractifasci- 

 dark dusting and more sharply angulated postmedian line. Distal marginal dots sharply black. Alexander '^'""*" 



Mountains, Central Asia. 



G. orbicularia Piing. is also related to ambiguata, but smaller and more slenderly buUt, the forewhig orhicularia. 

 more pointed, more finely and regularly scaled, the lines less dentate, the postmedian line and the cj antenna 

 more as in fractifasciaria. Issyk-kul. 



G. piingeleri Bohatsch {— orbicularia $ Piing., nee (^). ^ considerably larger than orbicularia, the piingeleri. 

 forewing longer but not so poiiated, both wings luiicolorous grey, densely scaled, the postmedian liue'more distinct 

 and less dentate, not whitish edged distally. Discal spots subobsolete, marginal luae wanting, fringe conco- 

 lorous, unmarked. Underside lighter, almost markingless. 9 smaller and more robust than'(J, with more 

 pointed forewing. Alai district. Pungelek's $, at first misidentified, was from Togus-Torau. 



G. stemmafaria Ev. is only known from the original description. It is said to be shaped like Cosymbia stemmataria. 

 orbicularia, only rather larger. Brownish grey, u'regularly irrorated, discal spots small, black or brown-black, 

 with a small or distinct Avhite pupU; postmedian line very fine, scarcely noticeable, but marked with black 

 vein-dots; a blackish terminal line. Underside somewhat paler, discal spots not very sharply expressed, here 

 not white pupUled, hindwing with a slight dark shade before the distal margin, no other markings. Noor- 

 Zaisan. 



G. pullata Schiff. (22 d) somewhat resembles on the upperside certain forms of glaucinaria {supinaria) puUata. 

 but is characteristic on the underside, which is glossy uniform grey with a white postmedian line or narrow 

 band. Costal margin of forewing proximaUy rather more curved than in most of the allies, apex not very sharp, 



