290 Aclerda, 
ACLERDA DISTORTA, sf. nov. 
(PLATE CXI1.) 
Adult female (jigs. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12) usually narrow and elongate, the form 
depending upon the size of the branch upon which it is situated. When 
occurring upon thicker branches, the body is proportionately stouter (jg. 10). 
The posterior extremity is pygidiform, and is at first symmetrical, but afterwards 
becomes distorted and turned at right angles to the main axis of the body 
(fig. 12), in which position the anal extremity is exserted from the side of the 
ensheathing base of the leaf (7g. 11). The under surface of the body is concave, 
being shaped to the support. Body at first milky white and soft, the posterior 
extremity and postabdominal margin castaneous (jigs. 7, 8). Later, the body 
becomes tinged with pink (/gs. 10, 12), and the castaneous area is gradually 
extended with the deposition of denser chitin until finally the whole of the derm 
may become hardened and of a reddish colour (jig. 6). A slight fringe of white 
waxy matter surrounds the insect, and some white waxy filaments are secreted 
around the abdominal extremity (zg. 8). Eyes obsolete. Mouth parts approxi- 
mately central, often displaced towards one side; mentum monomerous. 
Spiracles large and conspicuous ; reddish ; the aperture of each with a crowded 
group of parastigmatic glands in a densely chitinous border. Abdominal 
margin thrown into irregular thickened folds and wrinkles. Anal extremity 
produced into two short, blunt processes, with a distinct median cleft. On the 
extreme inner edge of each process is a small but prominent laminar point 
(figs. 16, 17). Apex of processes with numerous stout hairs, and with many 
similar but slightly smaller hairs on their dorsal surface. A conspicuous dorsal 
linear series of circular pores on each side of the cleft (fg. 16), and some 
scattered thick-rimmed pores above the anal aperture. Ventral surface 
without pores or circumgenital glands. Owing to the densely chitinous 
character of the terminal segments, it is difficult to determine the exact position 
and nature of the several parts. There is an ovoid median undivided dorsal 
plate, bearing on its margin from eight to ten stout hairs, and covering the 
extremity of the anal tube. The margins of the cleft are densely thickened, 
with more or less definite boundaries. There is a retractile anal tube, open on 
under surface, apparently composed of numerous flattened hairs, which are 
confluent on the basal half but separate towards the extremity. Mr. Newstead 
describes this organ (in A. japonica) as composed of distinct but closely 
approximated hairs; but in the present species the hair-like processes are 
certainly confluent below, not merely contiguous. In some of my mounted 
examples this organ has become partially extruded, and its tubular character— 
split into hairs at the extremity—is quite clear. Margin of abdomen with a few 
scattered pointed spines (/#g. 20), which are replaced on the thoracic margin by 
short, stout, acorn-shaped processes associated with tubular canals (fig. 19). 
Similar processes are more thickly scattered oyer the marginal area of the 
