312 A sterolecanium. 
discontinuous. The interruptions are more or less symmetrical, corresponding 
with the segmental lines of growth. When filaments occur on the disc of the 
test, they may originate either from the adult insect (in which case their position 
is indicated on the body of the insect itself by the presence of supplementary 
8-shaped glands), or they may be referable to the earlier stages. 
The adult female insect, denuded of its covering, is at first approximately of 
the same form as its covering. After oviposition it shrivels up and lies at the 
anterior extremity of the test, the remaining cavity being packed with ova. 
The antennz are rudimentary, consisting of a single short joint with a few 
curved hairs at its extremity. The limbs are totally absent. Mentum mono- 
merous. No stigmatic spines. Anal lobes absent or minute, usually represented 
by a pair of small tubercles each bearing a stout seta. In a few species, both 
tubercles and setze are wanting. Between the setiferous tubercles are usually 
from two to four smaller tubercles, each bearing a small spine. The anal ring 
is sunk in a tubular pit which sometimes opens on to the extreme margin, but 
usually terminates shortly before the margin on the dorsal surface ; it normally 
carries six stout hairs, but is sometimes hairless. The dorsal lip of the anal 
aperture is usually in the form of a more densely chitinous transverse plate. 
The genital aperture is yery inconspicuous and obscure. In those species in 
which I have been able to locate the position of the vulva, it is situated on the 
ventral surface at some distance from the extremity, opening between the last 
two transverse series of ceriferous glands. The derm is very thin and delicate. 
It bears a large number of glands of different forms and functions. (1) 
Numerous delicate tubular glands of which the apertures are obscure. These 
are probably concerned in the secretion of the homogeneous body of the test. 
(2) Paired or 8-shaped glands disposed in a single (occasionally double) series 
around the dorsal margin, and sometimes at various points on the dorsum. 
These are undoubtedly responsible for the paired glassy filaments of the fringe. 
(3) A somewhat irregular series of small simple circular glands on the ventral 
margin, concerned in the secretion of a white powdery wax which usually 
underlies the fringe. The greater or less abundance of this deposit is strictly 
correlated with the number of the ventro-marginal glands. Similar glands 
extend from the four stigmata to the margin, on the venter. (4) Somewhat 
larger circular pores usually occur on the venter, in transverse series across the 
abdominal segments. These also are probably ceriferous glands. It will be 
noted that paired glands are characteristic of the dorsal and simple glands of 
the ventral areas respectively. 
Male puparium of similar structure to that of the female, but smaller and 
proportionately narrower. The fringe is simpler, consisting only of the nymphal 
and larval elements. The winged adult emerges from beneath the posterior 
margin without the aid of any hinged operculum such as occurs in the allied 
genus Lecaniodiaspis. 
Adult male with distinct neck. Antenne ten-jointed, with three or four 
knobbed hairs at apex. Ocelli large, in two pairs—dorso-lateral and ventral 
respectively. Rudimentary eyes small, colourless and inconspicuous. Scutellum 
ample. Halteres absent or obscure. Genital sheath long and sharply pointed. 
Two long caudal filaments. 
Larva of typical form. Antennze distinctly six-jointed. A marginal series 
of (usually twenty-eight) paired glands. Posterior extremity with a pair of 
longish caudal setze. 
