Ceroplastes. 269 
rudimentary in vzéens. The margin is more or less deeply incised at the 
stigmatic areas. The stigmatic spines are often very numerous : conical or 
fusiform, or sometimes hemispherical. ‘The base of the spines is often con- 
stricted, but the pedicellate or arrow-shaped form described and figured by 
Signoret is probably a misinterpretation, this appearance being produced by a 
subcutaneous duct leading inwards from the spine (see Ann. & Mag. Nai. 
ffist.,, Ser. 7, Vol. IV. Sept. 1899, p. 190 and Pl. 30, fg. 34). Similar 
spines are often continued along the margin for some distance on each side of 
the stigmatic clefts, beyond which their place is taken by the usual marginal 
hairs. The cephalic lobe is usually more densely chitinous, and pierced below 
by numerous translucent glandular pores. The valves of the anal operculum 
are rounded externally. It might be expected that the derm of the dorsum 
would exhibit specially well-marked glands for the production of the dense 
waxy covering; but this isnot the case. In fact, the dermal pores are remarkably 
small and inconspicuous, even in such a species as cerz/erus. 
The male, in any stage, is extremely scarce, and has been observed only by 
Newstead, who describes the male puparium and imago of C. certferus. The 
former appears to be of a typical Lecaniid form, but somewhat denser than is 
_ usual in the genus Zecanzum. The adult male (in this single known species) is 
characterised by a remarkable funnel-shaped organ which terminates the genital 
armature. 
The eggs are numerous and occupy the cavity formed by the contraction of 
the ventral parts of the body. 
The young larve are at first indistinguishable from those of Lecamzumm, but 
early commence to secrete the characteristic waxy covering described above. 
It is difficult to understand how any complete ecdysis can occur in such a 
genus as Ceroflastes, in which the body is always enveloped in a closely 
adherent waxy covering. It is possible that the ventral parts of the exuvia may 
be extruded from beneath the test; but the dorsal parts are probably incor- 
porated in the waxy covering, though this has not been actually demonstrated. 
It is certain that the larval waxy processes remain 77 sz¢w, and appear in the 
fully formed test as the apical pad and submarginal series of points. 
The genus has a wide distribution throughout the tropical and subtropical 
regions of both hemispheres. In Europe it is found only in plant houses, where 
it Owes its presence to the introduction of foreign plants. 
SYNOPSIS OF CEYLON SPECIES. 
A. Anal aperture at the extremity of a long cylindrical 
TBLRELESISS eco bcounddaacoqonsones oa cAobenoCOUND UOTE Tone oRERAE RDO ONE certferius, p. 270. 
B. Anal aperture sessile, or on a short conical process. 
(2) Dorsal stigmatic bands of test long and narrow rudens, p. 273. 
(6) Dorsal stigmatic bands of test short and broad. 
(a) Height of fully formed test almost equal to 
leVXeEVehs) | “angcanos ooeuredbeckoncceeetcadaseceoOsoes actiniformis, p. 275. 
(6!) Height of fully formed test approximately 
halifithe | breadthivewececsssdsresoccesscescce toes Jloridensis, p. 277. 
