Ceronema. 
to 
On 
Ov 
CERONEMA KOEBELI, sf. nov 
(PLATE XCVI.) 
Adult female, before gestation (jigs. 2, 3), of the usual Lecaniid form; oblong 
oval, convex above, smooth, often with an inconspicuous median carina, rounded 
in front, pointed behind. Colour olive-brown to reddish-brown above, pale 
olive-green beneath ; dorsum sometimes with delicate waxy polygonal plates ; 
eyes and anal operculum black ; a crenulate line of white secretion on each side 
of dorsum—at some little distance within margin—marking the future position 
of the waxy ridges (fig. 2). After gestation, the body is elevated behind by 
the accumulation of eggs, which are closed in by a compact waxy fluted, pale 
ochreous ovisac, overlapping the margins of the body, but leaving the central 
dorsal area partly exposed. This ovisac bears eight more or less prominent 
ridges on each side, including a pair of broad ear-like processes at the anterior 
extremity of the insect (fg. 5). The median dorsal area—in fresh examples— 
is thinly coated with ochreous mealy powder, but becomes denuded in old 
specimens. On the under surface the stigmatic areas and junctions of abdominal 
segments are marked by lines of white waxy matter (jig. 3). Derm very thick, 
with large crowded irregularly polygonal thick-walled cells (jig. 6), a circular 
aperture in the inner wall resembling a nucleus; a minute pore in centre of 
outer wall with a narrow canal penetrating the centre of each cell. Abdomen 
below with transverse bands of small circular spinnerets corresponding with the 
waxy bands on the living insect. Eyes distinct, at some distance within margin. 
Antenne nine-jointed (fig. 10); in some examples the division between third 
and fourth is incomplete, or may be altogether absent, making the antenna 
eight-jointed (jig. 11); third joint always longest, third, fourth, and fifth (or 
third and fourth) without any hairs ; formula very variable. Foot (fig. 7) with 
four digitules, the unguals broadly dilated, claw strongly hooked at tip ; tarsus 
with indications of three sub-joints, marked by indentations and series of small 
hairs. Anal operculum (jig. 8) broad; base and outer edge forming together 
an irregular curve. Anogenital ring with eight stout hairs. Margin (jig. 9) 
with stout pointed spines ; stigmatic spines numerous, stout, curved, irregularly 
disposed on dorsal surface along a line directed inwards from the stigmatic 
cleft. Length of full-grown insect 5 to 750 mm. Breadth 3°75 to 6 mm. 
Length with ovisac, 1omm. Breadth8mm. Height 7 mm. 
Females of second stage and early adults closely resemble, in form and 
colour, Lecanium longulum, Doug. 
Young larva very pale reddish, with a pair of long caudal setee. Antennz 
six-jointed (jig. 12); a long flagelliform hair on fifth and sixth joints. 
Eggs very small, clear white. 
Male puparium (fg. 13) white, semitranslucent; elongate, with parallel 
sides ; moderately convex; divided into fourteen distinct plates. Length 
2°930mm. Breadth 1 mm. 
