254 Protoputvinaria. 
PROTOPULVINARIA LONGIVALVATA, sf. xov. 
PLATE XCV. 
Adult female (gs. 1, 2, 3) broadly pyriform, more or less acuminate in front. 
Flat ; obscure fine ridges radiating from centre to margin ; often with an incon- 
spicuous ridge about half-way between centre and margin, and following the 
outline of the latter. Colour reddish ochreous ; median thoracic area suffused 
with castaneous ; a broad diffused castaneous marginal zone. Eyes black, 
submarginal. Anal operculum castaneous ; central; the anterior extremity at 
level of insertion of median legs (fig. 3); remarkably elongated (fig. 5), base 
more than five times length of outer edge ; total length equal to one-fourth of 
entire insect. Antenna (jig. 4) with eight joints; third and eighth equal and 
longest ; formula (3, 8), 2, 1, 5, 4, (6, 7), or (3, 8), 2, (1, 5), 4, (6, 7). Legs small; 
tarsus shorter than tibia. Stigmatic spines 3 (jg. 6), in shallow cleft ; the 
median one more than twice length of others, projecting beyond margin. 
Marginal hairs (7g. 6) very small, terminally fringed. Derm cells oval ; well- 
defined on the dark marginal zone ; obsolescent on the median area. Ovisac 
represented externally only by a very narrow fringe of cottony secretion. Length 
2°25 to 350mm. Breadth 2°25 to 3 mm. 
Male unknown in any stage. 
Eggs at first creamy white ; afterwards becoming reddish ; slightly covered 
with waxy filamentous secretion. 
Young larva broadly oval ; reddish. 
On leaves of pepper (Piper nigrum). WHeneratgoda. October. The larvee 
and early-adult females affect the upper surface of the leaves; the mature 
females usually migrate to the under surface of the leaf for oviposition. 
Very closely allied to Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Ckll. (syn. Pulvinaria 
newstead?, Leonardi). It has the same pyriform contour, the same remarkably 
elongated anal operculum, and a similar dermal pattern. It differs in having 
eight-jointed antenna (instead of seven, as in P. pyriformis) ; in the slightly 
greater length of the anal operculum ; and in the considerably smaller marginal 
hairs. The remarkable form of the valves of the anal operculum distinguishes 
this from any known species of Lecanzwm. In Ceylon, it is most nearly 
approached in this respect by L. sangifere. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XCV. 
PROTOPULVINARIA LONGIVALVATA. 
. Leaf of pepper, with insects zz sz/z, nat. size. 
. Adult female, dorsal view, x to. 
DG enventraliviewansamnss 
. Antenna, X I50. 
. Valves of anal operculum, x 100. 
. Stigmatic spines and marginal hairs, x 650. 
Om Bo Nn 4 
