﻿A. 
  B. 
  WYNNE 
  ON 
  THE 
  PHYSICAL 
  GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  THE 
  UPPEE 
  PUNJAB. 
  61 
  

  

  12. 
  Observations 
  on 
  some 
  Features 
  in 
  the 
  Physical 
  Geology 
  of 
  the 
  

   Outer 
  Himalayan 
  Region 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Punjab, 
  India. 
  By 
  

   A. 
  B. 
  Wynne, 
  F.G.S. 
  &c. 
  (Bead 
  December 
  17, 
  1873.) 
  

  

  [Plate 
  VII.] 
  

  

  Contents. 
  

  

  1. 
  Geographical 
  position 
  of 
  Upper 
  Punjab. 
  

  

  2-5. 
  Geological 
  structure 
  ; 
  different 
  zones 
  ; 
  isolated 
  appearance 
  6f 
  the 
  rocks 
  

   underlying 
  the 
  outer 
  zone 
  at 
  the 
  Salt 
  range. 
  

  

  6. 
  Previously 
  published 
  geological 
  information 
  about 
  the 
  Upper 
  Punjab. 
  

  

  7. 
  Comparative 
  table 
  of 
  local 
  and 
  other 
  Himalayan 
  series 
  ; 
  remarks 
  thereon. 
  

  

  8. 
  Physical 
  conditions 
  of 
  Upper-Punjab 
  rocks 
  : 
  alteration 
  in 
  strike 
  of 
  outer 
  

  

  ranges 
  of 
  Himalaya. 
  

  

  9. 
  Himalayan 
  and 
  extra-Himalayan 
  features, 
  resembling 
  Alpine 
  and 
  extra- 
  

  

  Alpine 
  features 
  of 
  continental 
  geology. 
  

   10-12. 
  Description 
  of 
  the 
  local 
  Newer 
  Tertiary 
  Series. 
  

  

  13. 
  Observations 
  regarding 
  the 
  Simla 
  Himalayan 
  region 
  as 
  bearing 
  upon 
  the 
  

   geology 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Punjab. 
  

  

  14. 
  15. 
  Junction 
  of 
  the 
  outer 
  Tertiary 
  Zone 
  with 
  the 
  " 
  Hill-rocks," 
  and 
  local 
  

  

  relations 
  of 
  contact. 
  

  

  16. 
  Difficulty 
  of 
  applying 
  the 
  explanation 
  of 
  the 
  Simla 
  area 
  here. 
  

  

  17. 
  Occurrence 
  of 
  Simla 
  relations 
  at 
  Dundelee 
  near 
  this 
  district. 
  

  

  18. 
  Dr. 
  Verchere's 
  representation 
  of 
  structural 
  relations 
  of 
  outer 
  Tertiai-y 
  zone 
  

  

  in 
  Upper 
  Punjab, 
  and 
  basal 
  contact 
  at 
  Oori, 
  in 
  Kashmere. 
  

   19-21. 
  Consideration 
  of 
  local 
  features 
  with 
  reference 
  to 
  abnormal 
  contact 
  of 
  

  

  outer 
  Tertiary 
  Zone 
  and 
  " 
  Hill-rocks." 
  

   22. 
  Conclusion. 
  

  

  1. 
  The 
  geographical 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Punjab 
  is 
  too 
  well 
  

   known 
  to 
  require 
  detailed 
  description 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  sufficient 
  to 
  say- 
  

   that 
  the 
  country 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  following 
  observations 
  mainly 
  refer 
  is 
  

   that 
  part 
  of 
  " 
  the 
  land 
  of 
  the 
  five 
  rivers 
  " 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  Jhilam 
  * 
  

   (Hydaspes 
  of 
  the 
  ancients) 
  and 
  the 
  Indus 
  or 
  Abba 
  Sin 
  (" 
  Father 
  

   of 
  "Waters") 
  flow 
  rapidly 
  through 
  rocky 
  channels 
  before 
  finally 
  

   leaving 
  the 
  hills. 
  (See 
  Map, 
  PL 
  VII.) 
  

  

  The 
  principal 
  British 
  stations 
  in 
  the 
  country 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  Jhilam, 
  

   Bawul 
  Pindi, 
  Abbottabad, 
  Fort 
  Attock, 
  and 
  the 
  Hill 
  Station 
  of 
  

   Murree 
  t. 
  

  

  2. 
  The 
  geological 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  with 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  

   points 
  to 
  be 
  noticed 
  may 
  be 
  generally 
  stated 
  thus 
  : 
  — 
  This 
  section 
  of 
  

   the 
  Outer 
  Himalayas 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  varied 
  assemblage 
  of 
  rocks. 
  The 
  

   crystalline, 
  granitoid, 
  syenitic, 
  and 
  schistose 
  rocks, 
  with 
  abundance 
  

   of 
  greenstone 
  dykes, 
  found 
  far 
  in 
  among 
  the 
  hills, 
  are 
  succeeded 
  by 
  

   slates 
  and 
  limestones 
  (of 
  possibly 
  Silurian 
  age) 
  unconformably 
  over- 
  

   lain 
  by 
  Triassic 
  and 
  perhaps 
  older 
  rocks, 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  provisionally 
  

  

  * 
  Always 
  pronounced 
  by 
  natives 
  Jhaslum. 
  

  

  t 
  Koh 
  Mari, 
  or 
  the 
  Mountain 
  of 
  Mari, 
  from 
  an 
  old 
  Mahomedan 
  shrine, 
  or 
  

   Zyarut, 
  now 
  a 
  Hindoo 
  temple. 
  The 
  station 
  and 
  locality 
  are 
  very 
  commonly 
  

   called 
  by 
  the 
  natives 
  Mushasri, 
  a 
  village 
  of 
  that 
  name 
  being 
  situated 
  in 
  the 
  glen 
  

   below. 
  

  

  Q. 
  J.G.S. 
  No. 
  118. 
  g 
  

  

  